Written and fact-checked by Aadil Saif. Arithmetic independently re-verified · Last updated September 2026
Part of the India Land Unit Converter series.
The conversion is one of the few in this series that everybody already knows, so the work went into a question nobody asks: what standing does the square yard actually have in Indian law? The answer is none: it appears in neither schedule of the rules that govern units of measurement here. What made that worth a page rather than a footnote is the second half: land is bought, rated and compensated in this unit at every level up to the Supreme Court. Every figure below was held as an exact fraction and rounded once, at printing; the checking script recomputes which traditional units come out whole in square yards rather than taking the page's word for it.
1 square yard = 9 square feet exactly. A yard is three feet, and three squared is nine. In metric, 0.83612736 square metres, also exact, because the yard has been defined as exactly 0.9144 metre since 1959.
| Square yards | Square feet | Square metres | Marla | Cents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | 0.836127 | 0.033058 | 0.020661 |
| 5 | 45 | 4.180637 | 0.165289 | 0.103306 |
| 10 | 90 | 8.361274 | 0.330579 | 0.206612 |
| 25 | 225 | 20.903184 | 0.826446 | 0.516529 |
| 30.25 | 272.25 | 25.292853 | 1 | 0.625 |
| 50 | 450 | 41.806368 | 1.652893 | 1.033058 |
| 100 | 900 | 83.612736 | 3.305785 | 2.066116 |
| 242 | 2,178 | 202.342821 | 8 | 5 |
| 484 | 4,356 | 404.685642 | 16 | 10 |
| 4,840 | 43,560 | 4,046.856422 | 160 | 100 |
| Square Yard | Square Feet | Square Meter | Marla (Standard) | Bigha (UP pucca) | Acre |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | 0.83612736 | 0.033058 | 0.000331 | 0.000207 |
| 2 | 18 | 1.67225472 | 0.066116 | 0.000661 | 0.000413 |
| 3 | 27 | 2.50838208 | 0.099174 | 0.000992 | 0.000620 |
| 5 | 45 | 4.1806368 | 0.165289 | 0.001653 | 0.001033 |
| 10 | 90 | 8.3612736 | 0.330579 | 0.003306 | 0.002066 |
| 20 | 180 | 16.7225472 | 0.661157 | 0.006612 | 0.004132 |
| 50 | 450 | 41.806368 | 1.652893 | 0.016529 | 0.010331 |
| 100 | 900 | 83.612736 | 3.305785 | 0.033058 | 0.020661 |
| 200 | 1,800 | 167.225472 | 6.61157 | 0.066116 | 0.041322 |
| 500 | 4,500 | 418.06368 | 16.528926 | 0.165289 | 0.103306 |
| 1,000 | 9,000 | 836.12736 | 33.057851 | 0.330579 | 0.206612 |
4,840 square yards make an acre. The 30.25 row is a marla and the 484 row is a tenth of an acre.
Two things about this unit are worth knowing before you use it, and neither appears on any converter. It has no standing in Indian metrology law at all. And it is nevertheless the number that almost every Indian traditional unit comes out whole in, which is why your circle rate is quoted in it.
Convert The answer, first · To square feet and square metres · To acre, hectare and the metric units · The small units
Understand The unit that is on neither list · The court awards in it anyway · Where the unit actually turns up · The common denominator · The 1959 definition · Three mistakes
Check FAQ · Sources and method
Convert to a specific unit: Acre · Ankanam · Ares · Bigha · Biswa · Biswa Kacha · Cent · Chatak · Decimal · Dhur · Dismil · Gaj · Gajam · Ground · Guntha · Hectare · Kanal · Katha · Killa · Lessa · Marla · Murabba · Nali · Perch · Pura · Square Centimeter · Square Feet · Square Inch · Square Karam · Square Kilometer · Square Meter · Square Mile
Every one of the other thirty-two units has a section on this page. Where two units are the same area their table would be identical, so the second section points at the first rather than repeating it.
Every factor is a square yard's own size, 9 square feet, divided by the target unit's. To check any row by hand, take that number, divide, and compare.
Each one comes from a single anchor, the acre at 43,560 square feet, by exact fraction arithmetic. Where a factor recurs, the formula gives the fraction rather than a rounded decimal, because a rounded factor is a wrong instruction rather than an approximate one: the fraction is what has to be carried wherever the arithmetic must close.
| Conversion | Formula | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Square Yard to Acre | Square Yard ÷ 4,840 | Recurring |
| Square Yard to Ankanam | Square Yard × 0.125 | Exact · Ankanam is regional. This row is the Standard; also 0.25 |
| Square Yard to Ares | Square Yard × 0.0083612736 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Bigha | Square Yard ÷ 3,025 | Recurring · Bigha is regional. This row is the UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.000992, 0.001322, 0.000517 and 5 more |
| Square Yard to Biswa | Square Yard ÷ 151.25 | Recurring · Biswa is regional. This row is the UP / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.010331, 0.019835, 0.020661 |
| Square Yard to Biswa Kacha | Square Yard × 12/605 | Recurring · Biswa Kacha is regional. This row is the Punjab / Haryana revenue; also 0.010331 |
| Square Yard to Cent | Square Yard ÷ 48.4 | Recurring |
| Square Yard to Chatak | Square Yard × 0.2 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Decimal | Square Yard ÷ 48.4 | Recurring |
| Square Yard to Dhur | Square Yard ÷ 7.5625 | Recurring · Dhur is regional. This row is the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain); also 2.5 |
| Square Yard to Dismil | Square Yard ÷ 48.4 | Recurring |
| Square Yard to Gaj | Square Yard × 1 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Gajam | Square Yard × 1 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Ground | Square Yard × 0.00375 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Guntha | Square Yard ÷ 121 | Recurring |
| Square Yard to Hectare | Square Yard × 0.000083612736 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Kanal | Square Yard ÷ 605 | Recurring · Kanal is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.002, 0.002178, 0.002469 |
| Square Yard to Katha | Square Yard ÷ 151.25 | Recurring · Katha is regional. This row is the Bihar state standard; also 0.0125, 0.003125, 0.005165 and 2 more |
| Square Yard to Killa | Square Yard ÷ 4,840 | Recurring |
| Square Yard to Lessa | Square Yard × 0.0625 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Marla | Square Yard ÷ 30.25 | Recurring · Marla is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.04, 0.043554, 0.049383 and 1 more |
| Square Yard to Murabba | Square Yard ÷ 121,000 | Recurring · Murabba is regional. This row is the Punjab canal colony; also 0.0000132 |
| Square Yard to Nali | Square Yard ÷ 240 | Recurring |
| Square Yard to Perch | Square Yard ÷ 30.25 | Recurring |
| Square Yard to Pura | Square Yard × 0.00015625 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Square Centimeter | Square Yard × 8,361.2736 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Square Feet | Square Yard × 9 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Square Inch | Square Yard × 1,296 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Square Karam | Square Yard × 36/121 | Recurring · Square Karam is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.36, 0.391985, 0.444444 |
| Square Yard to Square Kilometer | Square Yard × 0.00000083612736 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Square Meter | Square Yard × 0.83612736 | Exact |
| Square Yard to Square Mile | Square Yard ÷ 3,097,600 | Recurring |
India's units of measurement are set by the Legal Metrology Act, 2009 and the Legal Metrology (National Standards) Rules, 2011. There are two lists in those Rules that matter for land, and the square yard is on neither.
Rule 13 and the Second Schedule give the unit of area: "The unit of area shall be the square metre." Rule 13 goes further and provides that "no other units shall be used for the entities specified in the Second Schedule except for the purpose of scientific or technological research."
Rule 17 and the Sixth Schedule soften that. The Schedule is headed "Temporarily accepted Units", and its item 4 admits exactly two more for land: the are as "the first unit for measurement of land area" and the hectare as the second. That is set out in full with the hectare, including the review clause attached to it.
| Unit | Second Schedule (Rule 13) | Sixth Schedule (Rule 17) | Standing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Square metre | Named; "the unit of area shall be the square metre" | n/a | The unit of area |
| Are | n/a | Named, item 4(1), "first unit for measurement of land area" | Temporarily accepted |
| Hectare | n/a | Named, item 4(2), "second unit" | Temporarily accepted |
| Square yard | Not named | Not named | On neither list |
| Square foot, bigha, gaj, marla, cent | Not named | Not named | On neither list |
So the position is this. One unit is prescribed. Two more are tolerated, with a statutory duty to reconsider them every ten years. Everything else (the square yard, the square foot, the bigha, the gaj, the marla, the cent) is on neither list.
It does not mean the square yard is illegal. The Square Metre page works through why the broad reading of Rule 13 cannot be right: read broadly it would outlaw the hectare too, which the same Rules expressly permit. The honest reading is narrower. The square metre is the unit of area and substitutes for it are foreclosed, and the Sixth Schedule then admits a short list by name. Being on neither list is not the same as being prohibited.
It does mean there is nothing behind it. If a dispute turned on what a square yard is, no Indian instrument would answer you. The answer would have to come from the 1959 international agreement that fixed the yard at 0.9144 metre, which is set out below and which no Indian rule adopts by name for area.
And it means section 11 is worth reading. The Legal Metrology Act, 2009 prohibits quoting or advertising "any quantity or dimension, otherwise than in accordance with the standard unit." On its face that reaches property advertisements quoted per square yard. This series has looked for a single instance of it being enforced against one, on this page and on two others, and has never found one, no judgment, no departmental clarification, no prosecution. The provision is on the books and its application to land is untested.
Here is what makes the previous section more than a curiosity.
In Gaj Raj and another v. State of Haryana, decided 4 January 2024, the Supreme Court of India fixed land acquisition compensation. It worked from comparative sale evidence at "the rate of Rs.1281/- per square yard", applied a fifty per cent deduction for development and smallness, and awarded ₹640 per square yard, following its own earlier decision in Ranvir @ Kalua of 8 November 2017. Half of 1,281 is 640.50; the Court took the round rupee below it.
Read that against the schedules. The acquisition is under statute. The land record in Haryana is metric. The rate the Court awards is in a unit that the rules governing Indian measurement do not name in either of their two lists.
That is not a criticism of the Court, which was using the unit the sale deeds in evidence used. It is the clearest available demonstration of the gap this page is about: the unit of Indian land law and the unit of Indian land transactions are not the same unit, and the second one has no legal definition.
| Rate per square yard | Per square metre | Per marla | Per acre |
|---|---|---|---|
| ₹640 | ₹765.43 | ₹19,360 | ₹3,097,600 |
| ₹1,281 | ₹1,532.06 | ₹38,750.25 | ₹6,200,040 |
| ₹2,000 | ₹2,391.98 | ₹60,500 | ₹9,680,000 |
| ₹5,000 | ₹5,979.95 | ₹151,250 | ₹24,200,000 |
| ₹10,000 | ₹11,959.9 | ₹302,500 | ₹48,400,000 |
| ₹25,000 | ₹29,899.75 | ₹756,250 | ₹121,000,000 |
The ₹640 and ₹1,281 rows are the Supreme Court's own figures, from acquisition of agricultural land; the rows above ₹5,000 are the range plotted urban land trades in, not the range compensation is awarded in. In the units a Haryana record and a metric conversion would use, ₹640 per square yard is ₹765.43 per square metre, ₹19,360 per marla, and ₹3,097,600 per acre.
The practical point is in the last column. A rate per square yard multiplied by 4,840 gives the rate per acre, exactly, with no rounding anywhere, which is the fastest sanity check available on any north Indian land price. If a broker quotes both a per-yard rate and a per-acre price and they do not reconcile through 4,840, one of the two figures has been adjusted.
One case would be an anecdote. It is not one case.
A full-text search of Indian Kanoon, run in September 2026, returns 168 Supreme Court documents containing the phrase "per square yard" and 4,014 across the whole judgments corpus. The same search for the unit the Rules actually prescribe returns 56 for "per square metre" and 75 for "per square meter", 131 Supreme Court documents for both spellings together.
Read that carefully, because it is the whole point of this page: India's highest court has used the unit that appears on neither schedule more often than the unit that appears on the first one.
Three caveats, because the number is only as good as the method. A full-text search counts documents, not decisions, and a phrase may appear in evidence the Court is only reproducing. The metric figure is the sum of two spellings; the yard figure counts one form only, so "per square yards" and "sq. yd." are excluded and the yard count is understated rather than inflated. And the counts move as more judgments are digitised. What survives all three caveats is the direction, which is not close.
The usage is not recent and not regional. The phrase runs from Harbans Lal Jain v. Union of India in February 1974 through Kaushalya Devi Bogra in 1984, Jayarama Reddy in 1979, P. Ram Reddy in 1995, Raj Kumar v. Haryana State in 2007, Udho Dass and A.P. Housing Board v. K. Manohar Reddy in 2010, Bhupal Singh in 2015, Ajai Pal Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh in 2021, and on to Gaj Raj in 2024, acquisitions in Andhra Pradesh, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh among them, half a century apart, valued in a unit no Indian instrument defines.
The clearest specimen is in Haryana State Industrial Development Corporation Ltd v. Udal & Ors, decided 2 July 2013 by Singhvi and Mukhopadhaya JJ. The judgment reproduces, at paragraph 22, a reply affidavit describing three commercial sites auctioned at IMT Manesar on 11 August 2010:
"Total area 972 sq m allotted for total amount of Rs 18,62,50,000 i.e. Rs 1,91,615.22 per metre i.e. Rs 1,60,213.67 per square yard or Rs 77,54,34,189 per acre."
Three units, one sentence, and they do not all agree.
| Figure as printed | What 972 sq m at ₹18,62,50,000 actually gives | Gap |
|---|---|---|
| ₹1,91,615.22 per square metre | ₹1,91,615.2263… | ₹0.01, a truncation |
| ₹1,60,213.67 per square yard | ₹1,60,214.73 | ₹1.06 too low |
| ₹77,54,34,189 per acre | ₹77,54,39,309 | ₹5,120 too low |
The two non-metric figures agree with each other: ₹1,60,213.67 multiplied by 4,840 is ₹77,54,34,162.80, which is ₹26.20 below the printed per-acre figure, the ordinary cost of stopping the yard rate at two decimals. The metre figure is the one that stands apart from both.
So the error entered at the metre-to-yard step, which is the recurring direction this page warns about, and was then multiplied by 4,840, ₹1.06 per square yard becoming ₹5,147 per acre, of which ₹26 is recovered by the acre figure's own rounding.
Courts are not the only place. A Punjab building byelaw sets a parking standard at "26.5 sq.yds. (22.17 sq.mts)", carrying both units in the same bracket, documented in full where the market's unit is taken.
None of this makes the square yard a defined unit. It makes it an undefined one that the record, the auction and the judgment all run on.
If the square yard has no legal standing, why is Indian land priced in it?
Because almost every traditional unit in the country is a whole number of square yards, and almost none is a whole number of square metres.
| Unit | Square yards in it | Square feet | Is the square-yard figure exact? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marla, 66-inch karam | 30.25 | 272.25 | Yes |
| Kanal, 66-inch karam | 605 | 5,445 | Yes |
| Biswa, Uttar Pradesh pucca | 151.25 | 1,361.25 | Yes |
| Biswa, Punjab kachha | 50.416667 | 453.75 | No; it recurs |
| Bigha, UP, Bihar, Rajasthan pucca | 3,025 | 27,225 | Yes |
| Bigha, West Bengal, Assam | 1,600 | 14,400 | Yes |
| Ankanam, coastal Andhra | 8 | 72 | Yes |
| Ground, Chennai | 266.666667 | 2,400 | No; it recurs |
| Cent · Decimal · Dismil | 48.4 | 435.6 | Yes |
| Guntha | 121 | 1,089 | Yes |
| Katha, Patna | 151.25 | 1,361.25 | Yes |
| Are | 119.599005 | 1,076.39 | No; it recurs |
Nine of the twelve come out exactly. A marla is 30.25 square yards, a kanal 605, an Uttar Pradesh biswa 151.25, a pucca bigha 3,025, a Bengal bigha 1,600, an ankanam 8, a cent 48.4, a guntha 121, a Patna katha 151.25. None of those is a coincidence.
The acre is ten square chains, and every figure above is computed from the same stored values as the tables rather than typed in beside them.
The traditional units were laid out with a rod and a chain, and the chain was 22 yards. An acre is ten square chains (4,840 square yards), and every unit built by dividing that acre or by squaring a rod measured in yards inherits the yard as its base. The 66-inch karam that produces the marla and the kanal is a rod of five and a half feet, which is one and five-sixths of a yard; square it and the yards survive.
The metre never entered any of it. That is why the same units convert into square metres with figures like 25.29, 126.46 and 40.47, and into square yards with 30.25, 151.25 and 48.4.
So the square yard is the common denominator of Indian land measurement, and the square metre is the unit the law prescribes. A circle rate quoted per square yard is not a colonial hangover. It is the only unit in which the rate and the traditional parcel size are both whole numbers.
They are worth naming, because each fails for a different reason.
The square yard is exact in metric, and the reason is a single line in an American government notice.
Before 1959, the yard had slightly different values in different countries. On 1 July 1959 the national standards laboratories of six English-speaking nations adopted a common definition, published in the United States as a National Bureau of Standards notice at 24 FR 5348: the international yard is exactly 0.9144 metre.
Square it and the square yard is exactly 0.83612736 square metre. Divide by nine and the international foot is exactly 0.3048 metre, and the square foot exactly 0.09290304 square metre. Every metric figure in this entire series descends from that one line, and it is why nothing on these pages is approximate.
Two consequences follow that are worth stating, because they are the reason this series can promise exact figures at all.
Every imperial-to-metric conversion in Indian land measurement is exact, not approximate. An acre is 4,840 square yards and therefore exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres. A cent is exactly 40.468564224. A pucca bigha is exactly 2,529.285264. None of these is a rounding of a measurement; each is a whole number multiplied by an exactly defined constant.
But exactness is not the same as terminating. Going the other way, square metres into square yards, divides by 0.83612736, and most of those results recur. That asymmetry runs through this series, and the rule that governs it is set out with the metre.
What India adopted, and when, we cannot tell you. The 1959 agreement was between standards laboratories, not a treaty India signed, and we found no Indian instrument adopting the international yard by name. What Indian law did instead was go metric, the Square Metre page traces the unit of area from the 1956 Act through to the 2011 Rules, and leave the yard unmentioned. The definition this page relies on is therefore accurate, universally used, and not Indian in origin.
Multiply by 9 for square feet and by 0.83612736 for square metres. Both are exact, in both directions.
| Square yards | Square feet | Square metres | Marla | Bigha (UP pucca) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9 | 0.8361 | 0.0331 | 0.00033 |
| 2 | 18 | 1.6723 | 0.0661 | 0.00066 |
| 5 | 45 | 4.1806 | 0.1653 | 0.00165 |
| 10 | 90 | 8.3613 | 0.3306 | 0.00331 |
| 20 | 180 | 16.7225 | 0.6612 | 0.00661 |
| 25 | 225 | 20.9032 | 0.8264 | 0.00826 |
| 30 | 270 | 25.0838 | 0.9917 | 0.00992 |
| 40 | 360 | 33.4451 | 1.3223 | 0.01322 |
| 50 | 450 | 41.8064 | 1.6529 | 0.01653 |
| 60 | 540 | 50.1676 | 1.9835 | 0.01983 |
| 75 | 675 | 62.7096 | 2.4793 | 0.02479 |
| 100 | 900 | 83.6127 | 3.3058 | 0.03306 |
| 121 | 1,089 | 101.1714 | 4 | 0.04 |
| 150 | 1,350 | 125.4191 | 4.9587 | 0.04959 |
| 200 | 1,800 | 167.2255 | 6.6116 | 0.06612 |
| 250 | 2,250 | 209.0318 | 8.2645 | 0.08264 |
| 300 | 2,700 | 250.8382 | 9.9174 | 0.09917 |
| 400 | 3,600 | 334.4509 | 13.2231 | 0.13223 |
| 500 | 4,500 | 418.0637 | 16.5289 | 0.16529 |
| 605 | 5,445 | 505.8571 | 20 | 0.2 |
| 1,000 | 9,000 | 836.1274 | 33.0579 | 0.33058 |
| 2,000 | 18,000 | 1,672.2547 | 66.1157 | 0.66116 |
| 4,840 | 43,560 | 4,046.8564 | 160 | 1.6 |
| 10,000 | 90,000 | 8,361.2736 | 330.5785 | 3.30579 |
The marla column is there because north Indian rates and north Indian records rarely use the same unit, and the bigha column because a rural holding will be in bigha even where the plot beside it is priced per yard.
| Square feet | Square yards | Square metres |
|---|---|---|
| 9 | 1 | 0.8361 |
| 100 | 11.111111 | 9.2903 |
| 225 | 25 | 20.9032 |
| 272.25 | 30.25 | 25.2929 |
| 500 | 55.555556 | 46.4515 |
| 1,000 | 111.111111 | 92.903 |
| 1,089 | 121 | 101.1714 |
| 2,400 | 266.666667 | 222.9673 |
| 5,445 | 605 | 505.8571 |
| 10,000 | 1,111.111111 | 929.0304 |
| 27,225 | 3,025 | 2,529.2853 |
| 43,560 | 4,840 | 4,046.8564 |
Divide by nine. This is the tidiest reverse conversion in the series: nine is a whole number, so a square-foot figure that is a multiple of nine gives a whole number of square yards, and one that is not gives a third or a ninth. Nothing recurs.
This is the situation almost every north Indian buyer is actually in, and there is a right way and a wrong way through it.
A plot is advertised at 250 square yards, ₹4,500 per square yard. The sale deed and the mutation will be in square metres. The two figures have to be reconciled, and the order you do it in decides how much error you carry.
Convert the rate, not the area. One square yard is 0.83612736 square metre, so ₹4,500 per square yard is ₹5,381.96 per square metre. Multiply that by the deed's own area figure. If the deed says 209.03 square metres, the price comes to ₹1,124,991, against ₹1,125,000 from the original quote, a difference of nine rupees on a plot costing over eleven lakh, and the nine rupees is the deed's rounding of the area, not yours.
Do it the other way and the rounding multiplies. Convert 250 square yards to square metres and you get 209.0318. The deed will say 209.03. If you then apply a rate you have also rounded, you are compounding two roundings across the whole plot instead of one across a single figure.
The direction that recurs is the one to avoid. A square yard is exactly 0.83612736 square metre, a terminating decimal. A square metre is 1.19599005… square yards, and those dots do not stop. So going yards to metres is exact and metres to yards is not, and any conversion you have to round is one you should do once, at the end, to the figure you are actually writing down.
And check the deed's area against your own. The deed is the document that will bind you, and the area in it was produced by somebody else's conversion. If it disagrees with yours by more than the last decimal place, the disagreement is not about arithmetic and is worth raising before signing rather than after.
| Square yards | Acres | Hectares | Ares | Square metres |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000207 | 0.000084 | 0.0084 | 0.84 |
| 100 | 0.020661 | 0.008361 | 0.8361 | 83.61 |
| 484 | 0.1 | 0.040469 | 4.0469 | 404.69 |
| 1,000 | 0.206612 | 0.083613 | 8.3613 | 836.13 |
| 2,420 | 0.5 | 0.202343 | 20.2343 | 2,023.43 |
| 4,840 | 1 | 0.404686 | 40.4686 | 4,046.86 |
| 9,680 | 2 | 0.809371 | 80.9371 | 8,093.71 |
| 10,000 | 2.066116 | 0.836127 | 83.6127 | 8,361.27 |
| 24,200 | 5 | 2.023428 | 202.3428 | 20,234.28 |
| 48,400 | 10 | 4.046856 | 404.6856 | 40,468.56 |
Note the 4,840 row: that is an acre, exactly, and it is the conversion worth memorising. The 484 row is a tenth of an acre and 2,420 is half.
| Unit | 1 square yard = | Terminates? |
|---|---|---|
| Square inch | 1,296 | Yes |
| Square centimetre | 8,361.2736 | Yes |
| Square kilometre | 0.00000083612736 | Yes |
| Square mile | 0.000000322830579… | No |
Three of the four terminate. The square mile does not, for the same reason it does not on several other pages in this series: a square mile is 3,097,600 square yards, and one square yard divided by that carries a factor the decimal system cannot resolve.
Treating a square yard as a yard. A yard is a length; a square yard is an area. This sounds too obvious to state until you are reading a north Indian property advertisement, where "gaj" does duty for both, and untangling it takes a whole section there. If a figure describes frontage, it is a length. If it describes a plot, it is an area.
Reconciling a per-yard rate with a per-acre price by anything other than 4,840. The two are related by an exact whole number. If a broker's per-yard rate and per-acre price do not multiply through 4,840, one of them has been adjusted, usually the one being quoted to you.
Assuming the square yard has legal standing because everybody uses it. It has none. Your record will be in square metres or hectares, your circle rate in square yards, and the two are reconciled by arithmetic rather than by any rule. When a document has to be precise, the metric figure is the one with an instrument behind it, which is the reverse of most people's instinct, because the metric figure is the one they find least familiar.
There is a fourth worth mentioning even though it belongs to another page. A gaj figure is not always an area. The word is a length in its own right and the area is properly a varg gaj, so a figure quoted in gaj may be describing a frontage rather than a plot. The Gaj page sets out the distinction and the court usages that show both forms.
How many square feet in a square yard? Nine, exactly. A yard is three feet and three squared is nine, so the conversion is a whole number in both directions.
How many square metres in a square yard? 0.83612736, exactly. The yard has been defined as exactly 0.9144 metre since 1 July 1959, and squaring an exact figure gives another exact one.
Is the square yard a legal unit of measurement in India? No. The Legal Metrology (National Standards) Rules, 2011 prescribe the square metre as the unit of area in the Second Schedule, and admit only the are and the hectare as "temporarily accepted" units in the Sixth Schedule. The square yard appears on neither list. That is not the same as being prohibited, the Square Metre page works through why the broad reading of Rule 13 cannot be right, but there is no Indian instrument that defines it.
Why are circle rates in square yards when land records are in square metres? Because almost every Indian traditional unit is a whole number of square yards and almost none is a whole number of square metres. A marla is 30.25 square yards, a pucca bigha 3,025, a cent 48.4, a guntha 121. The chain the units were laid out with was 22 yards long, so the yard survives in all of them. A rate per square yard is the only unit in which both the rate and the parcel come out clean.
How many square yards in a marla, a bigha and an acre? A marla is 30.25 and a kanal 605. A pucca bigha is 3,025 and a Bengal bigha 1,600. An acre is 4,840, exactly, the figure worth memorising, because a per-yard rate times 4,840 is the per-acre price with no rounding.
Is a gaj the same as a square yard? In north Indian property talk, usually yes, but the word is a length in its own right, and the area is properly a varg gaj. The Gaj page sets out the distinction and the two High Court usages that show both forms. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana the same area is called a gajam, covered on its own page.
How was the yard defined, and when? By international agreement effective 1 July 1959, published in the United States at 24 FR 5348: the international yard is exactly 0.9144 metre. Before that it varied slightly between countries. We found no Indian instrument adopting it by name. India went metric instead.
The price is per square yard and the deed is in square metres. What do I do? Convert once, and convert the price rather than the area. Multiply the per-yard rate by 1.19599005 to get the rate per square metre, or by 4,840 to get the rate per acre. Then check that figure against the deed's own area. Converting the area and leaving the rate alone is how a rounding error gets multiplied by the size of the plot.
| Statement | Source |
|---|---|
| 1 yard = 0.9144 m exactly, from which 1 sq yd = 0.83612736 m² | 24 FR 5348, National Bureau of Standards notice, effective 1 July 1959 |
| "The unit of area shall be the square metre"; no other units to be used | Legal Metrology (National Standards) Rules, 2011, r. 13 and Second Schedule, Part I, entry (1) |
| The are and hectare as "Temporarily accepted Units" | Legal Metrology (National Standards) Rules, 2011, r. 17 and Sixth Schedule, item 4, set out in full on the Hectare page |
| The square yard appears in neither schedule | Both schedules read; recorded as a negative |
| Prohibition on quoting otherwise than in the standard unit | Legal Metrology Act, 2009, s. 11 |
| "the rate of Rs.1281/- per square yard"; compensation at ₹640 per square yard | Supreme Court of India, Gaj Raj and another v. State of Haryana, 4 January 2024, following Ranvir @ Kalua, 8 November 2017 |
| "972 sq m … Rs 1,91,615.22 per metre i.e. Rs 1,60,213.67 per square yard or Rs 77,54,34,189 per acre" | Supreme Court of India, HSIDC Ltd v. Udal & Ors, 2 July 2013, para 22, reproducing a reply affidavit; the three figures are re-derived here from the area and total in that same sentence |
| The Supreme Court and all-court phrase counts | Indian Kanoon full-text search, September 2026; documents, not decisions; method and caveats stated where the counts appear |
| A parking standard at "26.5 sq.yds. (22.17 sq.mts)" | Punjab building byelaws, Amritsar Municipal Corporation copy, documented on the Square Feet page |
| Traditional unit sizes in the comparison table | Each unit's own page in this series, where its attestation is set out |
This page rests on a single defined length. The international yard is exactly 0.9144 metre, so a square yard is exactly 0.83612736 square metre, and every metric figure above is that fraction multiplied out rather than a rounded constant carried forward. The traditional units enter through the acre's 43,560 square feet and their own attested sizes. No figure passed through a floating-point number: the script holds whole-number ratios and rounds once, at printing.
The script that checks this page does one thing worth naming beyond the arithmetic. The comparison table's last column is computed, not typed: for each traditional unit the script divides its square-foot value by nine, strips factors of two and five from the denominator, and asks whether anything remains. If a unit that recurs were ever marked exact, or the reverse, the check fails. That column is the evidence for this page's central claim about why Indian land is priced in this unit, so it is not left to assertion.
Three pages in this series convert nine square feet. This one takes the square yard as a unit of measurement: its standing in Indian law, where Indian instruments and courts use it, and why the traditional units come out whole in it. The Gaj page takes the north Indian word, which is a length before it is an area. Andhra and Telangana practice has its own name for it, where the same area is spoken in Telugu and written in English. Where this page needs their material it links rather than repeating it.
| Conversion | 1 Square Yard | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Acre | 0.000207 | Recurring; Exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd |
| Ankanam | 0.125 (Standard) | Region-specific; also 0.25 (Tirupati) |
| Ares | 0.0083612736 | Exact; 100 m², the metric are |
| Bigha | 0.000331 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) | Region-specific; also 0.000992 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa)) · 0.001322 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills) · 0.000517 (Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai) |
| Biswa | 0.006612 (UP / Rajasthan pucca) | Region-specific; also 0.010331 (Rajasthan kachha) · 0.019835 (Punjab / Haryana old records) · 0.020661 (Himachal Pradesh) |
| Biswa Kacha | 0.019835 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition) | Region-specific; also 0.010331 (Rajasthan kachha reading) |
| Cent | 0.020661 | Recurring; One hundredth of an acre, exactly |
| Chatak | 0.2 | Exact; 5 sq yd exactly; 16 to the cottah, 968 to the acre. Reported, not stated by any instrument located |
| Decimal | 0.020661 | Recurring; One hundredth of an acre, exactly |
| Dhur | 0.132231 (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) | Region-specific; also 2.5 (Tripura) |
| Dismil | 0.020661 | Recurring; The decimal under another name |
| Gaj | 1 | Exact; the same area as a square yard, 9 sq ft, under another name |
| Gajam | 1 | Exact; the same area as a square yard, 9 sq ft, under another name |
| Ground | 0.00375 | Exact; Tamil Nadu Urban Land Tax Act 1966, s.2(8-A): "an area comprising two hundred and twenty three square metres (two thousand and four hundred square feet)" |
| Guntha | 0.008264 | Recurring; 121 sq yd; 40 guntha = 1 acre exactly |
| Hectare | 0.000083612736 | Exact; 10,000 m² exactly |
| Kanal | 0.001653 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.002 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.002178 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.002469 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Katha | 0.006612 (Bihar state standard) | Region-specific; also 0.0125 (West Bengal / Jharkhand) · 0.003125 (Assam) · 0.005165 (Bihar (Chhapra)) |
| Killa | 0.000207 | Recurring; The acre under its Punjabi name |
| Lessa | 0.0625 | Exact; The 12-foot mauzadari jar squared (Assam Land Records Manual r.117); 20 to a katha, 100 to a bigha |
| Marla | 0.033058 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.04 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.043554 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.049383 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Murabba | 0.00000826 (Punjab canal colony) | Region-specific; also 0.0000132 (Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal)) |
| Nali | 0.004167 | Recurring; 240 sq yd; 16 mutthi of 135 sq ft. No instrument located states the figure |
| Perch | 0.033058 | Recurring; 30.25 sq yd; 160 perches = 1 acre |
| Pura | 0.00015625 | Exact; 4 Assam bigha of 14,400 sq ft. The 4:1 ratio is SOURCED -- the Supreme Court states it in 1961 and 1971 and the Gauhati High Court in 1986, 2023, 2024 and 2026 -- but no instrument, judgment or manual states the square-foot figure, which is derived from the Assam bigha |
| Square Centimeter | 8,361.2736 | Exact; One ten-thousandth of a square metre |
| Square Feet | 9 | Exact; The base of this series |
| Square Inch | 1,296 | Exact; One 144th of a square foot |
| Square Karam | 0.297521 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.36 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.391985 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.444444 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Square Kilometer | 0.00000083612736 | Exact; 1,000,000 m² |
| Square Meter | 0.83612736 | Exact; The SI unit of area |
| Square Mile | 0.000000323 | Recurring; Standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976, Schedule (see s.79): "1 square mile = 2 589 988.110 336 square metres"; 640 acres exactly |
1 square yard = 0.000207 acres, recurring. An acre is exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd.
Acre = Square Yard ÷ 4,840
| Square Yard | Acre |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000207 |
| 2 | 0.000413 |
| 3 | 0.000620 |
| 5 | 0.001033 |
| 10 | 0.002066 |
| 20 | 0.004132 |
| 50 | 0.010331 |
| 100 | 0.020661 |
| 200 | 0.041322 |
| 500 | 0.103306 |
| 1,000 | 0.206612 |
5 square yards ÷ 4,840 = 0.001033 acres
Square Yard = Acre × 4,840
1 square yard = 0.125 ankanam on the Standard definition. The ankanam has no single national value. It is also 0.25 (Tirupati) per square yard. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
Eight square yards to the standard ankanam, four to the Tirupati one. The unit began as the span between two temple pillars, which is why it froze at different sizes in different places rather than being defined once.
Ankanam = Square Yard × 0.125 (Standard)
| Square Yard | Ankanam (Standard) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.125 |
| 2 | 0.25 |
| 3 | 0.375 |
| 5 | 0.625 |
| 10 | 1.25 |
| 20 | 2.5 |
| 50 | 6.25 |
| 100 | 12.5 |
| 200 | 25 |
| 500 | 62.5 |
| 1,000 | 125 |
| Ankanam definition | Where it applies | 1 ankanam in sq ft | Ankanam per square yard | Terminates? | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard (the definition used here) | Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, parts of Karnataka | 72 | 0.125 | Exact | sourced |
| Tirupati | Tirupati and parts of Chittoor | 36 | 0.25 | Exact | sourced |
| Square Yard | Ankanam (36 sq ft) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 |
| 2 | 0.5 |
| 3 | 0.75 |
| 5 | 1.25 |
| 10 | 2.5 |
| 20 | 5 |
| 50 | 12.5 |
| 100 | 25 |
| 200 | 50 |
| 500 | 125 |
| 1,000 | 250 |
5 square yards × 0.125 = 0.625 ankanam
Square Yard = Ankanam × 8 (Standard)
Square Yard = Ankanam × 4 (Tirupati)
1 square yard = 0.008264 gunthas, recurring. A guntha is 121 sq yd; 40 guntha = 1 acre exactly.
121 square yards to the guntha, eleven yards square. The guntha is the square of a third of a Gunter's chain, and the chain is 22 yards.
Guntha = Square Yard ÷ 121
| Square Yard | Guntha |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.008264 |
| 2 | 0.016529 |
| 3 | 0.024793 |
| 5 | 0.041322 |
| 10 | 0.082645 |
| 20 | 0.165289 |
| 50 | 0.413223 |
| 100 | 0.826446 |
| 200 | 1.652893 |
| 500 | 4.132231 |
| 1,000 | 8.264463 |
5 square yards ÷ 121 = 0.041322 gunthas
Square Yard = Guntha × 121
1 square yard = 0.000083612736 hectares, exact. A hectare is 10,000 m² exactly.
The ratio is the fraction 1,306,449/15,625,000,000, or 0.000083612736 exactly.
Hectare = Square Yard × 0.000083612736
| Square Yard | Hectare |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000083612736 |
| 2 | 0.000167225472 |
| 3 | 0.000250838208 |
| 5 | 0.00041806368 |
| 10 | 0.00083612736 |
| 20 | 0.00167225472 |
| 50 | 0.0041806368 |
| 100 | 0.0083612736 |
| 200 | 0.0167225472 |
| 500 | 0.041806368 |
| 1,000 | 0.083612736 |
5 square yards × 0.000083612736 = 0.00041806368 hectares
Square Yard = Hectare ÷ 0.000083612736
1 square yard = 0.033058 marla on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition. The marla has no single national value. It is also 0.04 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.043554 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.049383 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) and 1 more per square yard. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
30.25 square yards to the standard marla. A Punjab plot advertised in square yards and recorded in marla is the same land under two measures, provided the belt is the 66-inch one.
The ratio is the fraction 4/121, 0.03305785…, which recurs.
Marla = Square Yard ÷ 30.25 (Standard (66-inch karam))
| Square Yard | Marla (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.033058 |
| 2 | 0.066116 |
| 3 | 0.099174 |
| 5 | 0.165289 |
| 10 | 0.330579 |
| 20 | 0.661157 |
| 50 | 1.652893 |
| 100 | 3.305785 |
| 200 | 6.61157 |
| 500 | 16.528926 |
| 1,000 | 33.057851 |
| Marla definition | Where it applies | 1 marla in sq ft | Marla per square yard | Terminates? | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) | Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K | 272.25 | 0.033058 | Recurring | sourced |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam) | Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran | 225 | 0.04 | Exact | reported, not sourced |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) | Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal | 206.640625 | 0.043554 | Recurring | reported, not sourced |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) | Parts of Kapurthala | 182.25 | 0.049383 | Recurring | reported, not sourced |
| HSVP urban estate | Haryana urban estates | 225 | 0.04 | Exact | sourced |
Not every definition above rests on an instrument. 3 of the 5 are marked reported or no instrument located: in circulation and internally consistent, but this series could not find a rule, manual or judgment stating them. What was searched for each is recorded with that unit. Terminates? answers only whether the ratio has a finite decimal, not whether the figure behind it is verified.
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
5 square yards ÷ 30.25 = 0.165289 marla
Square Yard = Marla × 30.25 (Standard (66-inch karam))
Square Yard = Marla × 25 (Majha belt (60-inch karam))
Square Yard = Marla × 13,225/576 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam))
Square Yard = Marla × 20.25 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam))
Square Yard = Marla × 25 (HSVP urban estate)
1 square yard = 0.004167 nali, recurring. A nali is 240 sq yd; 16 mutthi of 135 sq ft. No instrument located states the figure.
A nali is 240 square yards, the Kumaon and Garhwal hill unit. Sixteen mutthi make a nali, and the count per acre, 20.1666…, recurs, so the fraction 121/6 is the figure to carry rather than a rounded decimal.
Nali = Square Yard ÷ 240
| Square Yard | Nali |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.004167 |
| 2 | 0.008333 |
| 3 | 0.0125 |
| 5 | 0.020833 |
| 10 | 0.041667 |
| 20 | 0.083333 |
| 50 | 0.208333 |
| 100 | 0.416667 |
| 200 | 0.833333 |
| 500 | 2.083333 |
| 1,000 | 4.166667 |
5 square yards ÷ 240 = 0.020833 nali
Square Yard = Nali × 240
1 square yard = 9 square feet, exact. A square foot is the base of this series.
Nine square feet to the square yard. Builders quote square feet and sale deeds quote square yards; this factor is the whole distance between the two documents.
Where the square foot fits into the square yard's own record is set out in Square Yard to Square Feet and Square Metres above; what follows is the arithmetic.
Square Feet = Square Yard × 9
| Square Yard | Square Feet |
|---|---|
| 1 | 9 |
| 2 | 18 |
| 3 | 27 |
| 5 | 45 |
| 10 | 90 |
| 20 | 180 |
| 50 | 450 |
| 100 | 900 |
| 200 | 1,800 |
| 500 | 4,500 |
| 1,000 | 9,000 |
5 square yards × 9 = 45 square feet
Square Yard = Square Feet ÷ 9
1 square yard = 0.297521 square karam on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition. The square karam has no single national value. It is also 0.36 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.391985 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.444444 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) per square yard. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
The standard square karam is 30.25 sq ft, which is 3.361111… square yards, a recurring figure, because 30.25 is not a whole number of ninths. Carry 121/36.
The ratio is the fraction 36/121, 0.29752066…, which recurs.
Square Karam = Square Yard × 36/121 (Standard (66-inch karam))
| Square Yard | Square Karam (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.297521 |
| 2 | 0.595041 |
| 3 | 0.892562 |
| 5 | 1.487603 |
| 10 | 2.975207 |
| 20 | 5.950413 |
| 50 | 14.876033 |
| 100 | 29.752066 |
| 200 | 59.504132 |
| 500 | 148.760331 |
| 1,000 | 297.520661 |
| Square Karam definition | Where it applies | 1 square karam in sq ft | Square Karam per square yard | Terminates? | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) | Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K | 30.25 | 0.297521 | Recurring | sourced |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam) | Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran | 25 | 0.36 | Exact | reported, not sourced |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) | Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal | 22.960069 | 0.391985 | Recurring | reported, not sourced |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) | Parts of Kapurthala | 20.25 | 0.444444 | Recurring | reported, not sourced |
Not every definition above rests on an instrument. 3 of the 4 are marked reported or no instrument located: in circulation and internally consistent, but this series could not find a rule, manual or judgment stating them. What was searched for each is recorded with that unit. Terminates? answers only whether the ratio has a finite decimal, not whether the figure behind it is verified.
| Square Yard | Square Karam (25 sq ft) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.36 |
| 2 | 0.72 |
| 3 | 1.08 |
| 5 | 1.8 |
| 10 | 3.6 |
| 20 | 7.2 |
| 50 | 18 |
| 100 | 36 |
| 200 | 72 |
| 500 | 180 |
| 1,000 | 360 |
| Square Yard | Square Karam (22.960069 sq ft) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.391985 |
| 2 | 0.78397 |
| 3 | 1.175955 |
| 5 | 1.959924 |
| 10 | 3.919849 |
| 20 | 7.839698 |
| 50 | 19.599244 |
| 100 | 39.198488 |
| 200 | 78.396975 |
| 500 | 195.992439 |
| 1,000 | 391.984877 |
| Square Yard | Square Karam (20.25 sq ft) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.444444 |
| 2 | 0.888889 |
| 3 | 1.333333 |
| 5 | 2.222222 |
| 10 | 4.444444 |
| 20 | 8.888889 |
| 50 | 22.222222 |
| 100 | 44.444444 |
| 200 | 88.888889 |
| 500 | 222.222222 |
| 1,000 | 444.444444 |
5 square yards × 36/121 = 1.487603 square karam
Square Yard = Square Karam × 121/36 (Standard (66-inch karam))
Square Yard = Square Karam ÷ 0.36 (Majha belt (60-inch karam))
Square Yard = Square Karam × 13,225/5,184 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam))
Square Yard = Square Karam × 2.25 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam))
1 square yard = 0.83612736 square metres, exact. A square metre is the SI unit of area.
1.19599005 square yards to the square metre, recurring in the other direction. Registration in most north Indian states is in square yards while the record of rights is metric, so both numbers sit in one transaction.
The ratio is the fraction 1,306,449/1,562,500, or 0.83612736 exactly.
Square Meter = Square Yard × 0.83612736
| Square Yard | Square Meter |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.83612736 |
| 2 | 1.67225472 |
| 3 | 2.50838208 |
| 5 | 4.1806368 |
| 10 | 8.3612736 |
| 20 | 16.7225472 |
| 50 | 41.806368 |
| 100 | 83.612736 |
| 200 | 167.225472 |
| 500 | 418.06368 |
| 1,000 | 836.12736 |
5 square yards × 0.83612736 = 4.1806368 square metres
Square Yard = Square Meter ÷ 0.83612736
Exactness of the method is not exactness of the result: where a ratio does not terminate, the table says so and the formula gives the fraction.
1 square yard = 0.000331 bigha on the UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca definition; 0.000992 on the UP kachha (6⅔ biswa) definition · 0.001322 on the UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills definition · 0.000517 on the Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai definition · 0.00075 on the Madhya Pradesh definition · 0.000625 on the West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand definition · 0.001033 on the Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt definition · 0.000413 on the Punjab / west Haryana definition · 0.001111 on the Haryana Ambala belt definition. Bigha = Square Yard ÷ 3,025 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) · reverse Square Yard = Bigha × 3,025
| Square Yard | Bigha (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000331 |
| 2 | 0.000661 |
| 3 | 0.000992 |
| 5 | 0.001653 |
| 10 | 0.003306 |
| 20 | 0.006612 |
| 50 | 0.016529 |
| 100 | 0.033058 |
| 200 | 0.066116 |
| 500 | 0.165289 |
| 1,000 | 0.330579 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply square yard by the figure shown.
| Bigha definition | Where | Bigha per square yard |
|---|---|---|
| UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca (the definition used here) | Purvanchal, Awadh, Patna belt, east Rajasthan | 0.000331 |
| UP kachha (6⅔ biswa) | West Uttar Pradesh | 0.000992 |
| UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills | West UP, Kumaon and Garhwal hills | 0.001322 |
| Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai | Marwar, Gujarat, Terai | 0.000517 |
| Madhya Pradesh; reported, not sourced | Madhya Pradesh | 0.00075 |
| West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand | West Bengal, Assam, Ranchi | 0.000625 |
| Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt | Himachal Pradesh, Rohtak, Hisar | 0.001033 |
| Punjab / west Haryana | Punjab, kanal belt of Haryana | 0.000413 |
| Haryana Ambala belt | Ambala, Gurugram, Faridabad, Karnal, Panipat | 0.001111 |
1 square yard = 0.006612 biswa on the UP / Rajasthan pucca definition; 0.010331 on the Rajasthan kachha definition · 0.019835 on the Punjab / Haryana old records definition · 0.020661 on the Himachal Pradesh definition. Biswa = Square Yard ÷ 151.25 (UP / Rajasthan pucca) · reverse Square Yard = Biswa × 151.25
| Square Yard | Biswa (UP / Rajasthan pucca) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.006612 |
| 2 | 0.013223 |
| 3 | 0.019835 |
| 5 | 0.033058 |
| 10 | 0.066116 |
| 20 | 0.132231 |
| 50 | 0.330579 |
| 100 | 0.661157 |
| 200 | 1.322314 |
| 500 | 3.305785 |
| 1,000 | 6.61157 |
Biswa, Rajasthan kachha (871.2 sq ft):
| Square Yard | Biswa (Rajasthan kachha) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.010331 |
| 2 | 0.020661 |
| 3 | 0.030992 |
| 5 | 0.051653 |
| 10 | 0.103306 |
| 20 | 0.206612 |
| 50 | 0.516529 |
| 100 | 1.033058 |
| 200 | 2.066116 |
| 500 | 5.165289 |
| 1,000 | 10.330579 |
Biswa, Punjab / Haryana old records (453.75 sq ft):
| Square Yard | Biswa (Punjab / Haryana old records) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.019835 |
| 2 | 0.039669 |
| 3 | 0.059504 |
| 5 | 0.099174 |
| 10 | 0.198347 |
| 20 | 0.396694 |
| 50 | 0.991736 |
| 100 | 1.983471 |
| 200 | 3.966942 |
| 500 | 9.917355 |
| 1,000 | 19.834711 |
Biswa, Himachal Pradesh (435.6 sq ft):
| Square Yard | Biswa (Himachal Pradesh) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.020661 |
| 2 | 0.041322 |
| 3 | 0.061983 |
| 5 | 0.103306 |
| 10 | 0.206612 |
| 20 | 0.413223 |
| 50 | 1.033058 |
| 100 | 2.066116 |
| 200 | 4.132231 |
| 500 | 10.330579 |
| 1,000 | 20.661157 |
1 square yard = 0.019835 biswa kacha on the Punjab / Haryana revenue definition; 0.010331 on the Rajasthan kachha reading definition. Biswa Kacha = Square Yard × 12/605 (Punjab / Haryana revenue) · reverse Square Yard = Biswa Kacha × 605/12
453.75 square feet either way, so the Square Yard to Biswa, Punjab / Haryana old records figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
Biswa Kacha, Rajasthan kachha reading (871.2 sq ft):
871.2 square feet either way, so the Square Yard to Biswa, Rajasthan kachha figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
1 square yard = 0.132231 dhur on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) definition; 2.5 on the Tripura definition. Dhur = Square Yard ÷ 7.5625 (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) · reverse Square Yard = Dhur × 7.5625
| Square Yard | Dhur (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.132231 |
| 2 | 0.264463 |
| 3 | 0.396694 |
| 5 | 0.661157 |
| 10 | 1.322314 |
| 20 | 2.644628 |
| 50 | 6.61157 |
| 100 | 13.22314 |
| 200 | 26.446281 |
| 500 | 66.115702 |
| 1,000 | 132.231405 |
Dhur, Tripura (3.6 sq ft):
| Square Yard | Dhur (Tripura) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 2.5 |
| 2 | 5 |
| 3 | 7.5 |
| 5 | 12.5 |
| 10 | 25 |
| 20 | 50 |
| 50 | 125 |
| 100 | 250 |
| 200 | 500 |
| 500 | 1,250 |
| 1,000 | 2,500 |
1 square yard = 0.001653 kanal on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.002 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.002178 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.002469 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Kanal = Square Yard ÷ 605 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Square Yard = Kanal × 605
| Square Yard | Kanal (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.001653 |
| 2 | 0.003306 |
| 3 | 0.004959 |
| 5 | 0.008264 |
| 10 | 0.016529 |
| 20 | 0.033058 |
| 50 | 0.082645 |
| 100 | 0.165289 |
| 200 | 0.330579 |
| 500 | 0.826446 |
| 1,000 | 1.652893 |
Kanal, Majha belt (60-inch karam) (4,500 sq ft):
| Square Yard | Kanal (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.002 |
| 2 | 0.004 |
| 3 | 0.006 |
| 5 | 0.01 |
| 10 | 0.02 |
| 20 | 0.04 |
| 50 | 0.1 |
| 100 | 0.2 |
| 200 | 0.4 |
| 500 | 1 |
| 1,000 | 2 |
Kanal, Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) (4,132.8125 sq ft):
| Square Yard | Kanal (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.002178 |
| 2 | 0.004355 |
| 3 | 0.006533 |
| 5 | 0.010888 |
| 10 | 0.021777 |
| 20 | 0.043554 |
| 50 | 0.108885 |
| 100 | 0.217769 |
| 200 | 0.435539 |
| 500 | 1.088847 |
| 1,000 | 2.177694 |
Kanal, Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) (3,645 sq ft):
| Square Yard | Kanal (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.002469 |
| 2 | 0.004938 |
| 3 | 0.007407 |
| 5 | 0.012346 |
| 10 | 0.024691 |
| 20 | 0.049383 |
| 50 | 0.123457 |
| 100 | 0.246914 |
| 200 | 0.493827 |
| 500 | 1.234568 |
| 1,000 | 2.469136 |
1 square yard = 0.006612 katha on the Bihar state standard definition; 0.0125 on the West Bengal / Jharkhand definition · 0.003125 on the Assam definition · 0.005165 on the Bihar (Chhapra) definition · 0.004734 on the Bihar (Hajipur) definition · 0.002755 on the Bihar (Bettiah) definition. Katha = Square Yard ÷ 151.25 (Bihar state standard) · reverse Square Yard = Katha × 151.25
1,361.25 square feet either way, so the Square Yard to Biswa figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
Every definition as a factor. Multiply square yard by the figure shown.
| Katha definition | Where | Katha per square yard |
|---|---|---|
| Bihar state standard (the definition used here) | Patna, Arrah | 0.006612 |
| West Bengal / Jharkhand | Rural West Bengal, Ranchi | 0.0125 |
| Assam | Assam (except Barak Valley) | 0.003125 |
| Bihar (Chhapra) | Saran | 0.005165 |
| Bihar (Hajipur) | Vaishali | 0.004734 |
| Bihar (Bettiah) | West Champaran | 0.002755 |
1 square yard = 0.00000826 murabba on the Punjab canal colony definition; 0.0000132 on the Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) definition. Murabba = Square Yard ÷ 121,000 (Punjab canal colony) · reverse Square Yard = Murabba × 121,000
| Square Yard | Murabba (Punjab canal colony) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000826 |
| 2 | 0.0000165 |
| 3 | 0.0000248 |
| 5 | 0.0000413 |
| 10 | 0.0000826 |
| 20 | 0.000165 |
| 50 | 0.000413 |
| 100 | 0.000826 |
| 200 | 0.001653 |
| 500 | 0.004132 |
| 1,000 | 0.008264 |
Murabba, Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) (680,625 sq ft):
| Square Yard | Murabba (Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000132 |
| 2 | 0.0000264 |
| 3 | 0.0000397 |
| 5 | 0.0000661 |
| 10 | 0.000132 |
| 20 | 0.000264 |
| 50 | 0.000661 |
| 100 | 0.001322 |
| 200 | 0.002645 |
| 500 | 0.006612 |
| 1,000 | 0.013223 |
1 square yard = 0.0083612736 ares (exact). Ares = Square Yard × 0.0083612736 · reverse Square Yard = Ares ÷ 0.0083612736
| Square Yard | Ares |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0083612736 |
| 2 | 0.0167225472 |
| 3 | 0.0250838208 |
| 5 | 0.041806368 |
| 10 | 0.083612736 |
| 20 | 0.167225472 |
| 50 | 0.41806368 |
| 100 | 0.83612736 |
| 200 | 1.67225472 |
| 500 | 4.1806368 |
| 1,000 | 8.3612736 |
1 square yard = 0.020661 cent (recurring). Cent = Square Yard ÷ 48.4 · reverse Square Yard = Cent × 48.4
435.6 square feet either way, so the Square Yard to Biswa, Himachal Pradesh figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
1 square yard = 0.2 chatak (exact). Chatak = Square Yard × 0.2 · reverse Square Yard = Chatak × 5
| Square Yard | Chatak |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.2 |
| 2 | 0.4 |
| 3 | 0.6 |
| 5 | 1 |
| 10 | 2 |
| 20 | 4 |
| 50 | 10 |
| 100 | 20 |
| 200 | 40 |
| 500 | 100 |
| 1,000 | 200 |
1 square yard = 0.00375 ground (exact). Ground = Square Yard × 0.00375 · reverse Square Yard = Ground ÷ 0.00375
| Square Yard | Ground |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00375 |
| 2 | 0.0075 |
| 3 | 0.01125 |
| 5 | 0.01875 |
| 10 | 0.0375 |
| 20 | 0.075 |
| 50 | 0.1875 |
| 100 | 0.375 |
| 200 | 0.75 |
| 500 | 1.875 |
| 1,000 | 3.75 |
1 square yard = 0.0625 lessa (exact). Lessa = Square Yard × 0.0625 · reverse Square Yard = Lessa × 16
| Square Yard | Lessa |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0625 |
| 2 | 0.125 |
| 3 | 0.1875 |
| 5 | 0.3125 |
| 10 | 0.625 |
| 20 | 1.25 |
| 50 | 3.125 |
| 100 | 6.25 |
| 200 | 12.5 |
| 500 | 31.25 |
| 1,000 | 62.5 |
1 square yard = 0.00015625 pura (exact). Pura = Square Yard × 0.00015625 · reverse Square Yard = Pura × 6,400
| Square Yard | Pura |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00015625 |
| 2 | 0.0003125 |
| 3 | 0.00046875 |
| 5 | 0.00078125 |
| 10 | 0.0015625 |
| 20 | 0.003125 |
| 50 | 0.0078125 |
| 100 | 0.015625 |
| 200 | 0.03125 |
| 500 | 0.078125 |
| 1,000 | 0.15625 |
1 square yard = 8,361.2736 square centimeter (exact). Square Centimeter = Square Yard × 8,361.2736 · reverse Square Yard = Square Centimeter ÷ 8,361.2736
| Square Yard | Square Centimeter |
|---|---|
| 1 | 8,361.2736 |
| 2 | 16,722.5472 |
| 3 | 25,083.8208 |
| 5 | 41,806.368 |
| 10 | 83,612.736 |
| 20 | 167,225.472 |
| 50 | 418,063.68 |
| 100 | 836,127.36 |
| 200 | 1,672,254.72 |
| 500 | 4,180,636.8 |
| 1,000 | 8,361,273.6 |
1 square yard = 1,296 square inch (exact). Square Inch = Square Yard × 1,296 · reverse Square Yard = Square Inch ÷ 1,296
| Square Yard | Square Inch |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1,296 |
| 2 | 2,592 |
| 3 | 3,888 |
| 5 | 6,480 |
| 10 | 12,960 |
| 20 | 25,920 |
| 50 | 64,800 |
| 100 | 129,600 |
| 200 | 259,200 |
| 500 | 648,000 |
| 1,000 | 1,296,000 |
1 square yard = 0.00000083612736 square kilometer (exact). Square Kilometer = Square Yard × 0.00000083612736 · reverse Square Yard = Square Kilometer ÷ 0.00000083612736
| Square Yard | Square Kilometer |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000083612736 |
| 2 | 0.00000167225472 |
| 3 | 0.00000250838208 |
| 5 | 0.0000041806368 |
| 10 | 0.0000083612736 |
| 20 | 0.0000167225472 |
| 50 | 0.000041806368 |
| 100 | 0.000083612736 |
| 200 | 0.000167225472 |
| 500 | 0.00041806368 |
| 1,000 | 0.00083612736 |
1 square yard = 0.000000323 square mile (recurring). Square Mile = Square Yard ÷ 3,097,600 · reverse Square Yard = Square Mile × 3,097,600
| Square Yard | Square Mile |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000000323 |
| 2 | 0.000000646 |
| 3 | 0.000000968 |
| 5 | 0.00000161 |
| 10 | 0.00000323 |
| 20 | 0.00000646 |
| 50 | 0.0000161 |
| 100 | 0.0000323 |
| 200 | 0.0000646 |
| 500 | 0.000161 |
| 1,000 | 0.000323 |
Six of the thirty-two units are two names for one area with another, so their figures are identical to the last digit.
1 square yard = 1 gaj. They are one area of 9 square feet under two words, so there is no arithmetic to do: any quantity of one is the same quantity of the other. Gaj = Square Yard · Square Yard = Gaj
What separates them is which record, and which part of the country, uses the word.
1 square yard = 1 gajam. They are one area of 9 square feet under two words, so there is no arithmetic to do: any quantity of one is the same quantity of the other. Gajam = Square Yard · Square Yard = Gajam
What separates them is which record, and which part of the country, uses the word.
1 square yard = 0.020661 decimal. A decimal and a cent are the same area, 435.6 square feet, so any Square Yard figure converts to the same number of either. Decimal = Square Yard ÷ 48.4 · reverse Square Yard = Decimal × 48.4
1 square yard = 0.020661 dismil. A dismil and a cent are the same area, 435.6 square feet, so any Square Yard figure converts to the same number of either. Dismil = Square Yard ÷ 48.4 · reverse Square Yard = Dismil × 48.4
1 square yard = 0.000207 killa. A killa and an acre are the same area, 43,560 square feet, so any Square Yard figure converts to the same number of either. Killa = Square Yard ÷ 4,840 · reverse Square Yard = Killa × 4,840
1 square yard = 0.033058 perches. A perch and a marla are the same area, 272.25 square feet, so any Square Yard figure converts to the same number of either. Perch = Square Yard ÷ 30.25 · reverse Square Yard = Perch × 30.25
The tables above are arithmetic, and for a square yard the arithmetic is the easy half. What decides whether the figure you started with is the right one to convert at all is The Unit That Is on Neither List.
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