Written and fact-checked by Aadil Saif. Arithmetic independently re-verified · Last updated September 2026
Part of the India Land Unit Converter series.
How the numbers here were produced. Nothing on this page was multiplied by a rounded factor. Each unit was held as an exact fraction of a square foot, converted through the defined value 1 sq ft = 0.09290304 m², and only rounded at the moment it was printed. Where a value terminates it is printed in full on first appearance and in the derivation tables, to four decimals in tables meant for scanning, and rounded for reading in any column headed "Use this", so a shorter figure here is a display choice, never a different number. Every figure was then recomputed from the finished text and checked against what the text says, table cells and running prose separately. Where a legal or record-keeping claim is made, the instrument is named and its words are quoted. Where something could not be established, it is listed as not established rather than smoothed over.
1 square metre = 10.7639 square feet. (Exactly 10.763910416709722…, which never terminates.) 1 square foot = 0.09290304 square metres, exactly. 1 square metre = 1.196 gaj. 1 gaj = 0.83612736 m². 1 hectare = 10,000 m². 1 acre = 4,046.8564224 m². 1 are = 100 m².
To convert the carpet area on a RERA agreement, multiply by 10.7639: 111.48 m² is 1,199.96 sq ft, the flat your brochure called 1,200. A 100 m² flat is 1,076.39 sq ft. A 60 m² flat is 645.83 sq ft.
Full tables are immediately below: forward, reverse, and into every Indian land unit. If that is all you came for, you are done.
Most people in India do not think in square metres. They think in square feet, gaj, bigha, cent or guntha, and meet the square metre on a document: an agreement for sale, a 7/12 extract, a khatauni, a building sanction, a circle-rate table.
If you are still reading past the numbers above, it is because the square metre is worth two minutes more. Two things are true of this unit and no other in Indian land measurement.
First, every other unit on this site is defined against it. Not compared to it: defined against it. A guntha is exactly 101.17141056 m². A Patna katha is exactly 126.4642632 m². An acre is exactly 4,046.8564224 m². Those values are exact, and they are exact for one reason: since 1959 the foot has been defined as 0.3048 metre, so every unit built on feet or yards has an exact square-metre value. The whole series' arithmetic hangs on that one number.
Second, one square metre is as fine as an Indian land record goes, and several traditional units are smaller than it. The Punjab Land Records Manual prescribes area "to four places of decimal of a hectare," which is exactly one square metre. A UP khatauni prints the same four decimals. A Maharashtra 7/12 ends in a square-metre column. Below that, nothing is distinguished, and a Tripura dhur (0.334450944 m²), a Bihar dhurki, a UP kachwansi and a gaj all sit below the line. What the record cannot hold.
And a third, stranger than either, runs the other way. The record is finer than the map that made it.
Convert Instant answers · Square metres to square feet · Square metres to gaj and square yards · To acres, hectares and ares · To the regional units · To square inch, centimetre, kilometre and mile
Understand Reading square metres on your land record · The pivot: why every factor is exact · The floor: what a record cannot represent · The record is finer than the map · Where the square metre is the law · Three mistakes
Check FAQ · Sources and method
Convert to a specific unit: Acre · Ankanam · Ares · Bigha · Biswa · Biswa Kacha · Cent · Chatak · Decimal · Dhur · Dismil · Gaj · Gajam · Ground · Guntha · Hectare · Kanal · Katha · Killa · Lessa · Marla · Murabba · Nali · Perch · Pura · Square Centimeter · Square Feet · Square Inch · Square Karam · Square Kilometer · Square Mile · Square Yard
Every one of the other thirty-two units has a section on this page. Where two units are the same area their table would be identical, so the second section points at the first rather than repeating it.
Every factor is a square metre's own size, 10.76391 square feet, divided by the target unit's. To check any row by hand, take that number, divide, and compare.
Each one comes from a single anchor, the acre at 43,560 square feet, by exact fraction arithmetic. Where a factor recurs, the formula gives the fraction rather than a rounded decimal, because a rounded factor is a wrong instruction rather than an approximate one: the fraction is what has to be carried wherever the arithmetic must close.
| Conversion | Formula | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Square Meter to Acre | Square Meter ÷ 4,046.8564224 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Ankanam | Square Meter ÷ 6.68901888 | Recurring · Ankanam is regional. This row is the Standard; also 0.298998 |
| Square Meter to Ares | Square Meter × 0.01 | Exact |
| Square Meter to Bigha | Square Meter ÷ 2,529.285264 | Recurring · Bigha is regional. This row is the UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.001186, 0.001581, 0.000618 and 5 more |
| Square Meter to Biswa | Square Meter ÷ 126.4642632 | Recurring · Biswa is regional. This row is the UP / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.012355, 0.023722, 0.024711 |
| Square Meter to Biswa Kacha | Square Meter ÷ 42.1547544 | Recurring · Biswa Kacha is regional. This row is the Punjab / Haryana revenue; also 0.012355 |
| Square Meter to Cent | Square Meter ÷ 40.468564224 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Chatak | Square Meter ÷ 4.1806368 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Decimal | Square Meter ÷ 40.468564224 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Dhur | Square Meter ÷ 6.32321316 | Recurring · Dhur is regional. This row is the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain); also 2.989975 |
| Square Meter to Dismil | Square Meter ÷ 40.468564224 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Gaj | Square Meter ÷ 0.83612736 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Gajam | Square Meter ÷ 0.83612736 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Ground | Square Meter ÷ 222.967296 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Guntha | Square Meter ÷ 101.17141056 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Hectare | Square Meter × 0.0001 | Exact |
| Square Meter to Kanal | Square Meter ÷ 505.8570528 | Recurring · Kanal is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.002392, 0.002605, 0.002953 |
| Square Meter to Katha | Square Meter ÷ 126.4642632 | Recurring · Katha is regional. This row is the Bihar state standard; also 0.01495, 0.003737, 0.006178 and 2 more |
| Square Meter to Killa | Square Meter ÷ 4,046.8564224 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Lessa | Square Meter ÷ 13.37803776 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Marla | Square Meter ÷ 25.29285264 | Recurring · Marla is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.04784, 0.05209, 0.059061 and 1 more |
| Square Meter to Murabba | Square Meter ÷ 101,171.41056 | Recurring · Murabba is regional. This row is the Punjab canal colony; also 0.0000158 |
| Square Meter to Nali | Square Meter ÷ 200.6705664 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Perch | Square Meter ÷ 25.29285264 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Pura | Square Meter ÷ 5,351.215104 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Square Centimeter | Square Meter × 10,000 | Exact |
| Square Meter to Square Feet | Square Meter ÷ 0.09290304 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Square Inch | Square Meter ÷ 0.00064516 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Square Karam | Square Meter ÷ 2.81031696 | Recurring · Square Karam is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.430556, 0.46881, 0.531551 |
| Square Meter to Square Kilometer | Square Meter × 0.000001 | Exact |
| Square Meter to Square Mile | Square Meter ÷ 2,589,988.110336 | Recurring |
| Square Meter to Square Yard | Square Meter ÷ 0.83612736 | Recurring |
One square metre is a square one metre on each side. In the units used on Indian documents:
| 1 square metre equals | Use this | Full value | Terminates? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Square feet | 10.7639 | 10.7639104167 | Recurring |
| Square yards / gaj / gajam | 1.196 | 1.1959900463 | Recurring |
| Square inches | 1,550 | 1,550.0031 | Recurring |
| Ares | 0.01 | 0.01 | Exact |
| Hectares | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | Exact |
| Acres | 0.000247 | 0.0002471054 | Recurring |
| Cents / decimals / dismil | 0.0247 | 0.02471054 | Recurring |
| Gunthas | 0.00988 | 0.00988422 | Recurring |
| Bighas (UP pucca, 27,225 sq ft) | 0.000395 | 0.0003953686 | Recurring |
| Kathas (Patna, 1,361.25 sq ft) | 0.00791 | 0.00790737 | Recurring |
| Grounds (Tamil Nadu) | 0.00448 | 0.00448496 | Recurring |
| Marlas (66-inch karam) | 0.0395 | 0.03953686 | Recurring |
And in the other direction:
| 1 of this unit equals | Square metres | Terminates? |
|---|---|---|
| Square feet | 0.09290304 | Exact |
| Square yards / gaj / gajam | 0.83612736 | Exact |
| Square inches | 0.00064516 | Exact |
| Ares | 100 | Exact |
| Hectares | 10,000 | Exact |
| Acres | 4,046.8564224 | Exact |
| Cents / decimals / dismil | 40.468564224 | Exact |
| Gunthas | 101.17141056 | Exact |
| Bighas (UP pucca, 27,225 sq ft) | 2,529.285264 | Exact |
| Kathas (Patna, 1,361.25 sq ft) | 126.4642632 | Exact |
| Grounds (Tamil Nadu) | 222.967296 | Exact |
| Marlas (66-inch karam) | 25.29285264 | Exact |
Two things in those tables matter later on the page. Every reverse conversion terminates and almost no forward one does, an asymmetry with a cause, not a rounding convention. And the only exact forward conversions are the metric ones: a square metre is exactly 0.01 are and exactly 0.0001 hectare. That second figure is why land records carry four decimal places of a hectare and not five. The fourth decimal is the square metre.
This is the conversion most people arrive for, and it has one awkward feature.
1 square metre = 10.763910416709722… square feet.
The decimal recurs. It is not a measurement uncertainty and it will not resolve with a better source. The exact value is 1 ÷ 0.09290304, which in lowest terms is 1,562,500 / 145,161, and 145,161 is 3² × 127², so that denominator can never be cleared into a power of ten. The full mechanism is here.
Round it to 10.7639 and a 1,000 m² plot comes out 0.0104 sq ft short, a relative error of 0.000097%. Round it to 10.76 and the same plot comes out 3.91 sq ft short, a relative error of 0.0363%. Both are small; the second is 375 times the first, and on a 10,000 m² holding it comes to 39 square feet.
| Square metres | Square feet |
|---|---|
| 1 | 10.76 |
| 2 | 21.53 |
| 3 | 32.29 |
| 4 | 43.06 |
| 5 | 53.82 |
| 10 | 107.64 |
| 15 | 161.46 |
| 20 | 215.28 |
| 25 | 269.1 |
| 30 | 322.92 |
| 40 | 430.56 |
| 50 | 538.2 |
| 60 | 645.83 |
| 75 | 807.29 |
| 80 | 861.11 |
| 90 | 968.75 |
| 100 | 1,076.39 |
| 120 | 1,291.67 |
| 150 | 1,614.59 |
| 200 | 2,152.78 |
| 250 | 2,690.98 |
| 300 | 3,229.17 |
| 400 | 4,305.56 |
| 500 | 5,381.96 |
| 750 | 8,072.93 |
| 1,000 | 10,763.91 |
Reverse direction: square feet to square metres. 1 square foot = 0.09290304 m², exactly, with no rounding at any stage:
| Square feet | Square metres |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0929 |
| 10 | 0.929 |
| 50 | 4.6452 |
| 100 | 9.2903 |
| 250 | 23.2258 |
| 500 | 46.4515 |
| 600 | 55.7418 |
| 750 | 69.6773 |
| 800 | 74.3224 |
| 1,000 | 92.903 |
| 1,200 | 111.4836 |
| 1,500 | 139.3546 |
| 1,800 | 167.2255 |
| 2,000 | 185.8061 |
| 2,500 | 232.2576 |
| 3,000 | 278.7091 |
| 5,000 | 464.5152 |
| 10,000 | 929.0304 |
The most common reason to convert square metres in India is a RERA agreement for sale. The prescribed form leaves the number blank but prints the unit: "carpet area admeasuring …………… sq. metres." The brochure that sold you the flat almost certainly said square feet. These are the sizes those two documents usually mean:
| Typical carpet area on the agreement | Square metres | Square feet | Rounded to |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 RK / studio | 27.87 | 299.99 | 300 |
| Compact 1 BHK | 37.16 | 399.99 | 400 |
| 1 BHK | 46.45 | 499.98 | 500 |
| Compact 2 BHK | 60.39 | 650.03 | 650 |
| 2 BHK | 74.32 | 799.97 | 800 |
| Large 2 BHK | 92.9 | 999.97 | 1,000 |
| 3 BHK | 111.48 | 1,199.96 | 1,200 |
| Large 3 BHK | 139.35 | 1,499.95 | 1,500 |
| 4 BHK | 167.22 | 1,799.94 | 1,800 |
Read the last column carefully. A "1,200 sq ft" flat is described in the agreement as 111.48 m², and 111.48 m² is 1,199.96 sq ft. The brochure figure is the rounded one; the agreement figure is the operative one. It is the figure the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 is built around: section 2(k) defines carpet area as "the net usable floor area of an apartment, excluding the area covered by the external walls, areas under services shafts, exclusive balcony or verandah area and exclusive open terrace area, but includes the area covered by the internal partition walls of the apartment."
Note what that definition lacks: a unit, and a precision. It is a scope rule. The unit comes from the prescribed form; the precision comes from nowhere at all. What the model agreement prescribes instead is a tolerance. Clause 1(g) of Annexure A allows the final carpet area to differ from the agreed figure "subject to a variation cap of three percent." The regulated quantity is the three per cent, not your fourth decimal.
If the delivered carpet area falls outside that cap, the figure to measure against is the one typed into the agreement. On 111.48 m² the cap is 3.3444 m², 36.00 sq ft, so anything between 108.1356 and 114.8244 m² (1,163.96 to 1,235.96 sq ft) is within it. Measure the delivered carpet area to RERA's section 2(k) definition, in square metres, and compare it against the figure typed into the agreement. Comparing a measured carpet area against a brochure's super built-up figure will always look like a shortfall and is not the comparison the Act provides for.
Carpet, built-up and super built-up area are three different numbers and only one is regulated. That distinction is set out where the market's own unit is taken.
Across north India and in coastal Andhra, plots are quoted in gaj (Hindi) or gajam (Telugu). Both are the square yard, and the square yard is nine square feet.
1 gaj = 1 gajam = 1 square yard = 0.83612736 m², exactly. 1 square metre = 1.19599004630108… gaj. Recurring, for the same reason as square feet.
| Gaj (square yards) | Square metres |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.8361 |
| 5 | 4.1806 |
| 10 | 8.3613 |
| 25 | 20.9032 |
| 50 | 41.8064 |
| 60 | 50.1676 |
| 75 | 62.7096 |
| 100 | 83.6127 |
| 120 | 100.3353 |
| 150 | 125.4191 |
| 180 | 150.5029 |
| 200 | 167.2255 |
| 250 | 209.0318 |
| 300 | 250.8382 |
| 400 | 334.4509 |
| 500 | 418.0637 |
| 1,000 | 836.1274 |
And back:
| Square metres | Gaj (square yards) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1.196 |
| 10 | 11.9599 |
| 25 | 29.8998 |
| 50 | 59.7995 |
| 100 | 119.599 |
| 150 | 179.3985 |
| 200 | 239.198 |
| 250 | 298.9975 |
| 300 | 358.797 |
| 400 | 478.396 |
| 500 | 597.995 |
| 1,000 | 1,195.99 |
The figures worth memorising in Delhi, Haryana, western UP and Rajasthan are the plot standards: a 100-gaj plot is 83.612736 m², a 200-gaj plot 167.225472 m², a 500-gaj plot 418.06368 m². All exact. And note that the gaj falls below one square metre, which has a consequence for what your record can say.
| Square metres | Ares | Hectares | Acres |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.01 | 0.0001 | 0.000247 |
| 10 | 0.1 | 0.001 | 0.002471 |
| 100 | 1 | 0.01 | 0.024711 |
| 250 | 2.5 | 0.025 | 0.061776 |
| 500 | 5 | 0.05 | 0.123553 |
| 1,000 | 10 | 0.1 | 0.247105 |
| 2,500 | 25 | 0.25 | 0.617763 |
| 4,046 | 40.46 | 0.4046 | 0.999788 |
| 5,000 | 50 | 0.5 | 1.235527 |
| 10,000 | 100 | 1 | 2.471054 |
| 40,469 | 404.69 | 4.0469 | 10.000108 |
| 100,000 | 1,000 | 10 | 24.710538 |
The metric side of that table is trivial and the imperial side is not, Indian land measurement in one row.
| Unit | Square metres | Terminates? |
|---|---|---|
| 1 are | 100 | Exact |
| 1 hectare | 10,000 | Exact |
| 1 acre | 4,046.8564224 | Exact |
| 1 square kilometre | 1,000,000 | Exact |
| 1 square mile | 2,589,988.110336 | Exact |
| 1 guntha | 101.17141056 | Exact |
| 1 cent | 40.468564224 | Exact |
| 1 ground | 222.967296 | Exact |
One hectare is exactly ten thousand square metres. One acre is exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres, exact, but not round, because the acre is defined in feet and the foot is defined in metres. Going the other way, one hectare is 2.471053814671653… acres and never terminates.
For working with hectares on a record (the positional H-R-Sq.M notation, the four-decimal convention, reading a partial hectare) belong to the hectare itself. This page picks it up only where the square metre is the thing at issue: reading the last column.
Every unit below has one fixed value and an exact square-metre equivalent. Fixed is not the same as sourced. Two of these rows are conventional figures this series could not find in any instrument, the Himachal biswa at 435.6 sq ft, which appears in no Himachal rule while two High Court recitals imply 405 and 485, and the Marwar biswa at 871.2. The arithmetic below is exact for the value as stated; whether that value is the one your record uses is a separate question, and each unit's own page grades it.
| Unit | Region | 1 unit = square metres | 1 square metre = |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cent · Decimal · Dismil | Kerala, TN, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, NE | 40.4686 | 0.024711 |
| Guntha | Maharashtra, Karnataka | 101.1714 | 0.009884 |
| Ground | Tamil Nadu, Chennai | 222.9673 | 0.004485 |
| Ankanam | Coastal Andhra, Telangana | 6.689 | 0.149499 |
| Chatak | West Bengal, Bangladesh | 4.1806 | 0.239198 |
| Marla (66-in karam) | Punjab, Haryana, HP, J&K | 25.2929 | 0.039537 |
| Kanal (66-in karam) | Punjab, Haryana, HP, J&K | 505.8571 | 0.001977 |
| Nali | Uttarakhand hills | 200.6706 | 0.004983 |
| Lessa | Assam | 13.378 | 0.074749 |
| Perch | Sri Lanka, some legacy Indian records | 25.2929 | 0.039537 |
| Square karam / sarsahi | Punjab, Haryana | 2.8103 | 0.355832 |
| Killa | Punjab, Haryana (= 1 acre) | 4,046.8564 | 0.000247 |
| Murabba | Punjab, Haryana (= 25 acres) | 101,171.4106 | 0.00001 |
The units in the next table do not have a single value. Each varies by state or district, so the row tells you which variant is being converted. If you do not know which one applies to your land, the unit's own page will tell you how to find out.
| Unit and where | Square feet | Square metres | 1 square metre = |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bigha, UP, Bihar, Rajasthan pucca | 27,225 | 2,529.2853 | 0.000395 |
| Bigha, Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat | 17,424 | 1,618.7426 | 0.000618 |
| Bigha, West Bengal, Assam | 14,400 | 1,337.8038 | 0.000747 |
| Bigha, Madhya Pradesh | 12,000 | 1,114.8365 | 0.000897 |
| Bigha, Himachal Pradesh | 8,712 | 809.3713 | 0.001236 |
| Bigha, Punjab | 21,780 | 2,023.4282 | 0.000494 |
| Bigha, Uttarakhand hills | 6,806.25 | 632.3213 | 0.001581 |
| Katha, Patna and most of Bihar | 1,361.25 | 126.4643 | 0.007907 |
| Katha, West Bengal (cottah) | 720 | 66.8902 | 0.01495 |
| Katha, Assam | 2,880 | 267.5608 | 0.003737 |
| Biswa, Uttar Pradesh pucca | 1,361.25 | 126.4643 | 0.007907 |
| Biswa, Himachal Pradesh | 435.6 | 40.4686 | 0.024711 |
| Dhur, Bihar | 68.0625 | 6.3232 | 0.158147 |
| Dhur, Tripura | 3.6 | 0.3345 | 2.989975 |
The spread in that second table is the reason this series exists. A bigha in Uttarakhand's hills is 632 m²; a bigha in Uttar Pradesh is 2,529 m². The word is the same and the areas differ four-fold.
A square metre appears on your documents in one of three places: the last group of a hectare-are-square-metre area, the fourth decimal of a hectare, or a rate.
Maharashtra revised Village Form VII by a Revenue and Forest Department government resolution dated 2 September 2020. It directs that the area unit be printed on the form itself. For agricultural land that unit is हे.आर.चौ.मी. (hectare, are, square metre); for non-agricultural land, आर.चौ.मी. (are, square metre). A 7/12 area written 0.20.0 is zero hectares, twenty ares, zero square metres: 2,000 m².
The three groups are not three quantities. They are one number in positional notation, the way a rupee figure is not "twelve" and "fifty" but ₹12.50. The Hectare page works through reading and adding them; the point here is that the last group is square metres, and it is the last group there is.
Punjab and Haryana do it differently and arrive at the same place. The Punjab Land Records Manual, paragraph 7.41(7), directs that from the agricultural year 1971-72 "metric measure to four places of decimal of a hectare shall be used", and that from 1976-77 "metric measure shall only be used and the local measure shall be discontinued altogether."
Four decimal places of a hectare is 0.0001 hectare. That is one square metre exactly. A jamabandi entry of 0.6470 hectare is 6,470 square metres, and the last digit of that entry is a square metre.
Uttar Pradesh khatauni extracts print the same thing: the area column is headed क्षेत्रफल (हे०), area in hectares, with values to four decimals, 0.6470, and the figure repeated in words. (Verified from khatauni extracts themselves. We could not locate the rule in the UP Revenue Code Rules that prescribes the format, and say so rather than cite a rule we have not read.)
| State | Record | How the area is written | Finest step | Instrument |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maharashtra | 7/12 (Village Form VII) | Hectare–Are–Square Metre for agricultural land; Are–Square Metre for non-agricultural | 1 m² | Revenue & Forest Dept GR, 2 September 2020 |
| Punjab | Jamabandi | Hectares to four decimal places | 1 m² | Punjab Land Records Manual para 7.41(7) |
| Uttar Pradesh | Khatauni | Hectares to four decimal places | 1 m² | Observed on khatauni extracts; no rule text located |
| Kerala | Thandaper / ReLIS | Ares | Not established | Kerala Land Tax Act 1961 states basic tax rates per are |
| All states | Cadastral map, at 1:3960 | Smallest parcel resolvable on the sheet | 1 decimal = 435.6 sq ft | DILRMP Guidelines §5.3.1 |
Everything above is the same land written differently, worth seeing once:
| Written as | The same holding | Where you would see it |
|---|---|---|
| Maharashtra 7/12, hectare–are–square metre | 1.05.30 | Village Form VII, agricultural land |
| Punjab jamabandi, hectares to four decimals | 1.0530 | Punjab Land Records Manual para 7.41(7) |
| Square metres | 10,530 | RERA agreement, building sanction, circle rate |
| Ares | 105.3 | Kerala thandaper, land tax demand |
| Square feet | 113,343.98 | Every brochure and every conversation |
| Gaj / square yards | 12,593.78 | A plot advertisement in Delhi or Jaipur |
| Acres | 2.602 | An agricultural sale deed |
| Bighas (UP pucca) | 4.1632 | What the seller will actually say |
| Gunthas | 104.0808 | Maharashtra, the same land as the 7/12 above |
The first two rows are the same number. 1.05.30 on a Maharashtra 7/12 and 1.0530 on a Punjab jamabandi are identical, one grouped, one not, both meaning one hectare, five ares and thirty square metres. An are is two decimal places of a hectare and a square metre is two more, so the two notations are one system written two ways.
Circle rates, collector rates and ready-reckoner rates are the third place the square metre turns up, and the unit is not uniform across the country:
| Where | Circle / collector / ready-reckoner rate is published per | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Delhi | Square metre | Land and construction cost, categories A–H |
| Uttar Pradesh | Square metre (agricultural land per hectare) | District-wise |
| Maharashtra | Square metre | Annual Statement of Rates |
| Haryana | Not established | Square yard is reported in news coverage; no government instrument located, see the note below |
A correction we owe you about that last row. Haryana is widely reported to publish collector rates per square yard while keeping metric land records. An appealing observation we cannot stand behind. The square-yard rate reaches us through news coverage, not a Haryana instrument; every official route was inaccessible. The metric half is weaker still: the "four decimals of a hectare" rule is from the Punjab manual, and although Haryana inherited it at the 1966 reorganisation we found no Haryana copy of paragraph 7.41(7), while this site's own Square Feet and Hectare pages record Haryana's working units as kanal and marla. So we are not asserting it, and it is listed as a non-finding. Check both units against the documents in front of you.
Converting a rate is the same arithmetic as converting an area, but people get it backwards, because the multiplier moves the other way: a square foot is smaller, so the price per square foot is the smaller number.
| Rate quoted as | Multiply by | To get | Worked: ₹50,000 per m² |
|---|---|---|---|
| ₹ per square metre | 0.09290304 | ₹ per square foot | ₹4,645.15 |
| ₹ per square metre | 0.83612736 | ₹ per gaj / square yard | ₹41,806.37 |
| ₹ per square metre | 100 | ₹ per are | ₹5,000,000 |
| ₹ per square metre | 10,000 | ₹ per hectare | ₹500,000,000 |
| ₹ per square metre | 4,046.8564224 | ₹ per acre | ₹202,342,821.12 |
| ₹ per square metre | 101.17141056 | ₹ per guntha | ₹5,058,570.53 |
| ₹ per square metre | 40.468564224 | ₹ per cent | ₹2,023,428.21 |
The rule: to convert a rate from ₹ per unit A to ₹ per unit B, multiply by the number of A in one B, the reciprocal of the area conversion. ₹50,000 per square metre and ₹4,645 per square foot are the same price.
Every "Exact" flag on this site (on this page, the Acre page, the Guntha page, the Katha page) traces back to a single number that nobody measured.
On 1 July 1959 the standards bodies of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa put a common refinement of the yard into effect. The United States notice, at 24 FR 5348, states it in one line: "1 yard = 0.914 4 meter".
That is a definition, not a measurement. The yard was not found to be 0.9144 metre to within some tolerance; it was made 0.9144 metre. Divide by three for the foot, square it for the square foot, and no error bar attaches to any of it. None of it will ever be revised by a better instrument.
Indian land units are, almost without exception, built on the foot or the yard. A guntha is 121 square yards. A cent is a hundredth of a 43,560-square-foot acre. A Patna katha is a twentieth of a 27,225-square-foot bigha. An ankanam is 72 square feet. Each is an integer or a simple fraction of square feet, so each has an exact square-metre value, multiply by 0.09290304 and stop.
| Unit | Defined as | Square metres | Terminates? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Square foot | 0.3048² | 0.09290304 | Exact |
| Square yard / gaj | (3 × 0.3048)² | 0.83612736 | Exact |
| Acre | 43,560 × 0.3048² | 4,046.8564224 | Exact |
| Guntha | 1,089 × 0.3048² | 101.17141056 | Exact |
| Cent | 435.6 × 0.3048² | 40.468564224 | Exact |
| Ground | 2,400 × 0.3048² | 222.967296 | Exact |
| Bigha (UP pucca) | 27,225 × 0.3048² | 2,529.285264 | Exact |
| Katha (Patna) | 1,361.25 × 0.3048² | 126.4642632 | Exact |
| Marla (66-in) | 272.25 × 0.3048² | 25.29285264 | Exact |
| Ankanam | 72 × 0.3048² | 6.68901888 | Exact |
| Nali | 2,160 × 0.3048² | 200.6705664 | Exact |
| Chatak | 45 × 0.3048² | 4.1806368 | Exact |
Twelve units, twelve terminating decimals, one shared cause.
Turn any of those around and the decimal stops terminating:
| Direction | Value | Terminates? | Why |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 square foot → square metres | 0.09290304 | Exact | 0.3048 = 381/1,250, and 1,250 = 2 × 5⁴ |
| 1 square metre → square feet | 10.763910416709722… | Recurring | The reciprocal is 1,562,500 / 145,161, and 145,161 = 3² × 127² |
| 1 square yard → square metres | 0.83612736 | Exact | 0.9144², and 0.9144 = 1,143/1,250 |
| 1 square metre → square yards | 1.19599004630108… | Recurring | 1,562,500 / 1,306,449, and 1,306,449 = 3⁴ × 127² |
| 1 acre → square metres | 4,046.8564224 | Exact | 43,560 × 0.09290304 |
| 1 hectare → acres | 2.471053814671653… | Recurring | Denominator 158,080,329 = 3⁴ × 11² × 127² |
The rule underneath is school arithmetic, and the table's last column has already applied it: a fraction terminates when its denominator, in lowest terms, has no prime factor other than 2 and 5. Every exact value above has a denominator built from 2s and 5s. Invert any of them and 3s and 127s appear (and, for the hectare-to-acre case, 11s as well), so the decimal cannot terminate.
That is the whole explanation. One square metre is 10.763910416709722… square feet not because anyone was careless, but because 145,161 factors into threes and 127s. No source will give you a cleaner number, and any converter showing you a terminating one is showing you a rounded value without saying so.
Two practical consequences. Convert in the exact direction when you can: square feet into square metres is exact, square metres into square feet is approximate however many digits you carry. And do not chain roundings, square metres → square feet → gaj → bigha rounds three times. Every table on this page goes from the exact fraction to the printed figure in one step, never from the column to its left.
India metricated its land records, and that was the right decision. But metrication had a cost that is almost never stated, and it is visible in one picture.
The chart plots the series' units on a log scale against a vertical line at one square metre. Six markers fall to the left of that line: the square centimetre, the square inch, the square foot, the Bihar dhurki and UP kachwansi together, the Tripura dhur, and the gaj, which is the same unit as the gajam and the square yard. Everything to the right of the line can be written on a land record as a distinct area. Those six cannot.
| Unit smaller than one square metre | Family | Square metres | Is that value exact? | How many fit in 1 m² |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Square centimetre | metric | 0.0001 | Exact | 10,000 |
| Square inch | imperial | 0.00064516 | Exact | 1,550.0031 |
| Square foot | imperial | 0.09290304 | Exact | 10.76391 |
| Dhurki (Bihar) · Kachwansi (UP) | traditional | 0.316160658 | Exact | 3.162949 |
| Dhur (Tripura) | traditional | 0.334450944 | Exact | 2.989975 |
| Gaj · Gajam · Square yard | traditional / imperial | 0.83612736 | Exact | 1.19599 |
Three of those are working land units, not laboratory units. The Bihar dhurki and the UP kachwansi are each a twentieth of a dhur or a biswansi, three fit in a square metre with room to spare. The dhur of Tripura goes almost exactly three to the square metre. And the gaj, in which half of north India still quotes plots, is 1.196 to the square metre.
A record resolving to whole square metres cannot show any of these as a distinct quantity. One dhurki and two dhurkis differ by about a third of a square metre, less than the record's own step, so whichever way the record rounds, it cannot show that they are different.
Rounding to whole square metres is not free even for units well above the floor:
| Holding | Exact area | Rounded to whole square metres | Difference | As a share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 dhur, Tripura | 33.4450944 m² | 33 m² | 0.4450944 m² | 1.3308% |
| 1,000 dhurki, Bihar | 316.160658 m² | 316 m² | 0.160658 m² | 0.0508% |
| 500 gaj plot, Delhi | 418.06368 m² | 418 m² | 0.06368 m² | 0.0152% |
| 1 katha, Patna | 126.4642632 m² | 126 m² | 0.4642632 m² | 0.3671% |
| 1 guntha, Maharashtra | 101.17141056 m² | 101 m² | 0.17141056 m² | 0.1694% |
The percentages are small and, for most purposes, do not matter. All five examples happen to round down, which invites the obvious conclusion. That converting traditional units into whole square metres systematically sheds area. We tested it, and it is not true. Taking each unit from 1 to 200 of itself and rounding to the nearest square metre: the gaj rounds down 100 times out of 200, the Patna katha 100, the cent 100, the marla 100, the guntha 98, the chatak 98, the ground 93 and the Tripura dhur 116. There is no systematic direction. The five rows above are a small sample, not a pattern.
But the dhur's 116 is not noise either, and it is worth understanding, because it is the one case where rounding does bite unevenly. One Tripura dhur is 0.334450944 m², 0.00112 above exactly one third of a square metre. Three dhur come to 1.003352832 m². So the fractional parts do not scatter; they advance in near-thirds, and over a short run they cluster instead of spreading. Take the same test out to 2,000 multiples and the count settles to 1,014 out of 2,000, 50.7%, back toward the coin flip. The Tamil Nadu ground behaves the same way for the same reason: at 222.967296 m² it is 0.0327 short of a round 223, so its first 200 multiples come out 93/200 before converging to 994/2,000.
The rule that actually holds is narrower than either intuition. Rounding to whole square metres has no systematic direction over the long run. But a unit that sits close to a simple fraction of a square metre will show lopsided rounding over the range of sizes people actually own, which is exactly the range that matters.
And what rounding always costs is recoverability. Round 126.4642632 to 126 and the katha is gone: 126 square metres is not a whole number of kathas, or of gunthas, or of cents, or of anything else on this page. The area survives; the unit that generated it does not.
This is also why an argument about "0.4 square metres" between neighbours cannot be settled from the record. The record does not contain the information.
We looked for a counter-example and did not find one, but we verified the prescribed format for three states out of twenty-eight, so this is a finding across a sample and not a proven universal. The states we could not establish are listed in Sources and Method rather than glossed over here.
One thing is worth adding, because it explains why the answer is a convergence rather than a rule. There is no national precision standard to appeal to. The DILRMP guidelines specify standard codes for land attributes but prescribe no precision for the area field at all, and the NIC standard-data-codes document they point to could not be located. The one-square-metre floor is something the states arrived at separately, which also means no single amendment could change it.
Here the problem reverses. The Department of Land Resources, in the DILRMP Guidelines, Technical Manuals and MIS, sets out at section 5.3.1 what a cadastral map can resolve:
"In 1:3960 scale, the smallest piece of land that can be measured is 1 decimal (1/100th part of an acre) i.e. 435.6 sq. feet."
Read the first three words. This is not a statement that Indian land cannot be measured more finely than 435.6 square feet. It is a statement about what can be drawn and read off a map at one particular scale, and the surrounding paragraph is entirely about digitising paper cadastral maps. 1:3960 is the classic Indian cadastral scale of sixteen inches to the mile (63,360 ÷ 16 = 3,960), which is why an imperial-derived unit falls out of it so neatly. (Widely quoted online without the opening condition, as though it fixed a legal minimum. It does not, and we quoted it that way ourselves until the cent's own research went back to the source.)
435.6 square feet is 40.468564224 square metres, so the survey that produced your boundary cannot deliver the precision the record written from it displays. Three different precisions are in play in a single transaction, and they do not agree:
| Level | What it is | Finest area it distinguishes | In square feet | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The agreement | Carpet area on a RERA Agreement for Sale, as written in practice | 0.01 m² | 0.107639 | No instrument prescribes a precision. Two decimals in the one appellate matter we examined |
| The record | Area column of the record of rights | 1 m² | 10.76391 | Punjab Land Records Manual para 7.41(7); UP khatauni; Maharashtra 7/12 |
| The map | Smallest parcel resolvable on a cadastral map drawn at 1:3960 | 40.4686 m² | 435.6 | DILRMP Guidelines §5.3.1 |
| Span | Finest stated to coarsest measurable, 4,047× | 0.01 → 40.47 m² | 0.11 → 435.6 | Ordering sourced at every level; the multiplier depends on row 1 |
The ordering is the solid part, and every level of it is sourced: the record of rights is forty times finer than the map defining the boundary it describes, and both of those figures come from instruments. The 4,047× at the foot of the table rests on the agreement's two decimals, which we have from a single appellate matter and not from any rule, so treat the ordering as established and the multiplier as illustrative.
None of these three numbers is wrong, they answer different questions. The agreement's two decimals describe a floor slab whose walls were built to the centimetre. The record's square metre is a bookkeeping precision, the resolution at which the state agrees to write an area down. The map's 40 square metres is a physical statement about what a survey at that scale can resolve on the ground.
The mistake is to read any one of them as the accuracy of the others. A khatauni showing 0.6470 hectare is not telling you the parcel is 6,470 m² to the nearest square metre. It is telling you the state has recorded 6,470, and that the boundary behind that figure was mapped where 40 square metres is the smallest distinguishable thing.
The square metre has been India's prescribed unit of area since 1956, though for thirty-five of those years we can show you the statute that delegated it and not the rule that carried it. It has been the unit in a statute for only twenty of those years, and it has never been India's spoken unit of area.
The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956 disposed of the question in eight words. Section 9: "The primary unit of area shall be the square metre." That is the entire section. Section 3 makes the metre the primary unit of length, section 10 the cubic metre the unit of volume. No other unit of area appears anywhere in the Act, no acre, no bigha, no gaj.
The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976 repealed the 1956 Act outright, section 85: "The Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956 (89 of 1956), is hereby repealed."
And the 1976 Act names no unit of area at all. Sections 5 to 11 give the base units (metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, mole), and section 12 hands everything else to the executive: "The Central Government may, by rules made in this behalf, specify, in relation to the base units of weight or measure, such supplementary, derived, or other units… as the General Conference on Weights and Measures or the International Organization of Legal Metrology may recommend."
That is a structural change we have not seen stated on any Indian land or property source. In 1976 the square metre's authority moved out of the Act and into delegated rules, and it has not returned, so a rule amendment, not a Bill, is what it would now take to alter it. We can show you the statute that removed it from the Act and the rules that carry it today. We cannot show you the rules in between: the Standards of Weights and Measures (National Standards) Rules, 1988, made under the 1976 Act, are the obvious place the unit went, and we could not retrieve their text.
The Legal Metrology Act, 2009 repealed the 1976 Act in turn, section 57, and commenced on 1 April 2011. Being precise about what it does and does not say matters, because this is widely got wrong.
Section 4 provides that "Every unit of weight or measure shall be in accordance with the metric system based on the international system of units." Section 5(1) then lists the base units: "The base unit of— (i) length shall be the metre; (ii) mass shall be the kilogram; (iii) time shall be the second…" and on through the seven SI base units.
The square metre is not in that list. Area is a derived quantity, and section 5(2) delegates it: "The specifications of the base units mentioned in sub-section (1), derived units and other units shall be such as may be prescribed."
The prescription is in the Legal Metrology (National Standards) Rules, 2011. Rule 13 provides that "The units defined and specified in the Second Schedule shall be derived units… and no other units shall be used for the entities specified in the Second Schedule except for the purpose of scientific or technological research." The Second Schedule, Part I, entry (1) reads: "Unit of Area: The unit of area shall be the square metre. (Symbol: m2)", defined as "the area of a square with sides of one metre each."
So: yes, the square metre is India's legal unit of area, by a rule made under a delegating sub-section, not by the Act. If someone tells you section 5 of the 2009 Act makes it so, they have not read section 5.
Note Rule 13's second limb: no other units shall be used, carved out only for scientific or technological research. It is tempting to read that as outlawing the bigha, the gaj and the katha. We are not going to, because read that broadly it would outlaw the hectare too, and Rule 17 of the same Rules, headed "Temporarily accepted units", expressly admits the Sixth Schedule's item 4, which names the are and the hectare for land area. The Hectare page sets that out in full.
The honest reading is narrower: Rule 13 fixes the square metre as the unit of area and forecloses substitutes for it, and the Sixth Schedule then admits a short list of others by name. The traditional units are on neither list, which is a different thing from being prohibited, and it is as far as the instruments take us. Section 11 carries a separate prohibition on quoting or advertising "any quantity or dimension, otherwise than in accordance with the standard unit."
We could not find a single instance of either being enforced against a property advertisement, no judgment, no departmental clarification, no prosecution. The provisions are on the books; their application to land is untested.
Rule 4 of the same 2011 Rules defines the base unit the square metre is built from:
"(2) The 'metre' is the length equal to 1650763.73 wavelength in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the levels 2p10 and 5d5 of the krypton-86 atom."
That is the krypton-86 definition of 1960, abandoned internationally in 1983, when the 17th CGPM redefined the metre by the speed of light. India's 2011 rules carry a definition the international system had retired twenty-eight years earlier. It changes nothing in practice, the 1983 redefinition was deliberately continuous, but it is checkable in thirty seconds, and we have not seen it noted on any Indian land or property source. We could not search a Gazette amendment database, so we found no amendment to Rule 4; we cannot say none exists.
The common claim that "FAR is expressed in square metres" is loose, and worth getting right.
The MoHUA Model Building Bye-Laws 2016, clause 1.1(45), define Floor Area Ratio as "The quotient obtained by dividing the combined covered area (plinth area) of all floors, excepting areas specifically exempted under these regulations, by the total area of the plot". That is a ratio of two areas, and a ratio has no unit at all. Delhi's Unified Building Bye-Laws 2016, clause 1.4.48, use the same quotient multiplied by 100, so a Delhi FAR of 200 is elsewhere written 2.0.
What is in square metres is everything the ratio is computed from and every threshold it is applied against. Delhi's UBBL sets its plot categories as "Up to 105 m2 / Above 105 m2 and up to 500 m2 / Above 500 m2"; we searched that document and the Model Bye-Laws for "square feet", "sq ft" and "sq. ft." and found no occurrence in either.
That is not universal. The Punjab building byelaws hosted by the Amritsar Municipal Corporation give plot sizes in square metres but carry residual imperial expressions, a canopy limited to "7.00 square meters or 75 square foot in area", a parking standard at "26.5 sq.yds. (22.17 sq.mts)". So the accurate statement is narrower: in the instruments we checked, the unit of account for plot area, built-up area and FAR computation is the square metre; imperial units survive only as incidental dimensions.
The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 uses "square meters" exactly once, and not where you would expect: section 3(2)(a) exempts projects "where the area of land proposed to be developed does not exceed five hundred square meters or the number of apartments proposed to be developed does not exceed eight". That is a registration threshold, not a disclosure rule.
The Act does not require carpet area to be stated in any particular unit. The prescribed form does that work. Annexure A to the model rules (and the Maharashtra Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Rules, 2017 in the same terms) prints the unit into the blank: "Apartment No. …… of the type …… of carpet area admeasuring ………… sq. metres on ……… floor." The promoter supplies a number; the unit is already on the form.
No decimal-place requirement exists in the model agreement, the Maharashtra rules or the MahaRERA circular index. What promoters actually write, we can show you from one matter only: in Kamal Kishore Uniyal v. Accord Builders before the Maharashtra Real Estate Appellate Tribunal the areas at issue were stated as 71.21, 50.29, and 77.2, which carries one decimal, in the same set of documents.
We are not going to build "Indian practice" out of that. What one matter does establish is that the agreements in it were written to a hundredth of a square metre, a hundred times finer than the land records we were able to verify, and that even there the precision was inconsistent within a single transaction. We found no survey of practice and did not attempt one; it is listed as a non-finding.
| Unit | 1 square metre = | 1 unit = square metres |
|---|---|---|
| Square centimetre | 10,000 | 0.0001 |
| Square inch | 1,550.0031 | 0.00064516 |
| Square kilometre | 0.000001 | 1,000,000 |
| Square mile | 0.0000003861 | 2,589,988.1103 |
| Are | 0.01 | 100 |
| Hectare | 0.0001 | 10,000 |
1. Treating the brochure figure and the agreement figure as the same measurement. A brochure saying 1,200 sq ft and an agreement saying 111.48 sq m are not in conflict. 111.48 m² is 1,199.96 sq ft. But they may still be describing different things. The agreement figure is carpet area as RERA section 2(k) defines it. The brochure figure is very often super built-up area, which includes a share of common areas and has no statutory definition at all. Converting the units correctly and comparing two different quantities is the more expensive mistake, and it is the common one. The agreement's carpet area is the figure the law attaches to, subject to the model agreement's three per cent variation cap.
2. Reading a hectare-are-square-metre area as three separate numbers, or forgetting that each group is two digits.
A 7/12 showing 0.20.0 is 2,000 square metres, not "0, 20 and 0" of anything. The groups are positional, and each of the last two holds two digits. 1.05.30 is one hectare, five ares and thirty square metres, 10,530 m².
Which is the same as 1.0530 hectare. That is not a coincidence: Maharashtra's three-group notation and Punjab's four-decimals-of-a-hectare notation are the same system written two ways, because an are is two decimal places of a hectare and a square metre is two more. The trap is not the concept, it is the padding. An entry written 1.5.30 means one hectare, five ares and thirty square metres, 1.0530 ha, and reads at a glance like 1.530 hectare. The gap between those two readings is 4,770 square metres, nearly half a hectare, on a plot of just over one. Pad every group to two digits before you convert. The Hectare page sets out how to add and subtract in this notation.
3. Assuming the record's precision is the survey's precision. A record stating 6,470 square metres is stating a bookkeeping figure, not a measurement to the nearest square metre. If a boundary dispute turns on less than the survey's own 40.47 m² floor, no amount of re-reading the record will settle it, because the record does not contain the information. What that silence is worth as evidence is a question for a lawyer and this page does not answer it; the practical step is a fresh demarcation.
The page has shown you three precisions and the cost of rounding at each. One rule falls out of them.
Never carry more digits than your coarsest input. From a record written to whole square metres, your answer in square feet is good to about ten square feet however many decimals your calculator offers. Printing 6,470 m² as 69,642.5004 sq ft asserts a ten-thousandth of a square foot you do not have.
Then, by document: copy a figure into a registry document, sale deed or sanction exactly as the source states it. That is a quotation, not a calculation. Reconcile an agreement against a brochure at two decimals of a square metre and whole square feet, and judge it against the 3% cap rather than the second decimal. Compare anything against a land record in whole square metres. Convert rates and rough valuations to four significant figures, ₹4,645 per square foot, not ₹4,645.152.
Keep the full exact value in only one place: a chain of your own. Hold every digit to the last step and round once at the end, or better, do not chain at all.
How many square feet are in 1 square meter? 10.763910416709722… square feet, and the decimal never terminates. For everyday use, 10.7639: a little under eleven square feet.
How many square meters is 1 gaj? 0.83612736 square metres, exactly; a gaj is a square yard. One square metre is 1.19599004630108… gaj. A 100-gaj plot is 83.612736 m², a 200-gaj plot 167.225472 m².
My agreement says 111.48 square metres. What is that in square feet? 1,199.96 square feet, which your brochure almost certainly called 1,200. Before comparing them, check both are carpet area. The agreement figure is; brochure figures often are not.
Is the square metre the legal unit of land measurement in India? Yes, but by rule rather than by statute. Section 9 of the Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956 made it the primary unit of area; the 1976 Act repealed that section and named no unit of area at all; today it comes from the Second Schedule to the Legal Metrology (National Standards) Rules, 2011: "the unit of area shall be the square metre." Rule 13 of those Rules also says no other unit shall be used for area outside scientific research, but that cannot be read as broadly as it sounds, because Rule 17 and the Sixth Schedule of the same Rules expressly admit the are and the hectare. The traditional units appear on neither list, which is not the same as being prohibited, and we found no case applying either provision to a land transaction.
Why is my building's FAR in square metres when the flat is sold in square feet? FAR is not in square metres. It is a ratio and has no unit. The plot area and built-up area it is calculated from are in square metres, because that is the unit the building bye-laws use throughout. The square feet belong to the brochure, not the sanction.
How many square metres in a bigha? Entirely dependent on the state: about 2,529 m² for a Uttar Pradesh pucca bigha, 1,338 m² in West Bengal and Assam, 809 m² in Himachal Pradesh, 632 m² in the Uttarakhand hills. Exact values are in the table above; the reasons belong to the bigha.
What is the smallest area an Indian land record can show? One square metre, in every state we were able to verify. Maharashtra's 7/12 ends in a square-metre column, and Punjab's manual and UP's khatauni both use four decimal places of a hectare, which is the same thing. We could not check every state and do not claim the rule is universal. That is what the record can show. What the map can resolve is far coarser: at the 1:3960 cadastral scale the DILRMP guidelines put the smallest readable parcel at 1 decimal, 435.6 sq ft, about 40.47 m², a limit of the drawing, not of the law.
Why doesn't 1 square metre come out to a round number of square feet? Because the relationship was defined in the other direction. The 1959 international agreement fixed the yard at 0.9144 metre, making the square foot exactly 0.09290304 m². Inverting an exact fraction rarely gives another exact one: 1 ÷ 0.09290304 is 1,562,500/145,161, and 145,161 = 3² × 127², so the decimal cannot terminate. Any converter showing you a clean number here is rounding without telling you. Where you have the choice, convert square feet into square metres, that direction is exact, and convert once, rather than chaining through intermediate units.
How the arithmetic was done. Every unit was held as an exact rational fraction of a square foot and converted through the defined value 1 sq ft = 0.09290304 m², never in floating point, never through a rounded factor, rounded once at printing.
How it was checked, and what the checks reach. Every table cell is parsed back out of the finished text and recomputed at the precision shown. Every decimal numeral in the prose, 67 of them, is matched against the values this page's factor store can produce, with quoted instrument figures on a named exception list. Every prose figure must also be found in the prose, so a correction that never reaches the page cannot pass. Two guard lists hold nine retracted claims and eleven repaired ones, and fail if a retraction reappears or a repair goes missing. The controls were then adversarially tested against eight deliberate corruptions of the finished file (altered figures, a deleted correction, swapped values, a reinstated retraction, a plausible but false statement), and caught all eight.
What they cannot see is a false claim carrying no numeral. Two such errors were found by human review after the machine checks ran clean; both are corrected above.
Where the exact values come from. The square foot's metric value is definitional, from the international yard and pound agreement effective 1 July 1959, published at 24 FR 5348: "1 yard = 0.914 4 meter." Dividing by three gives the foot as 0.3048 m exactly, an arithmetical consequence of that notice, not a sentence in it. Every Indian unit here that is an integer or simple fraction of square feet or yards therefore has an exact square-metre value.
Sources, by claim:
| Claim | Source |
|---|---|
| Square metre as primary unit of area, 1956 | Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1956, s.9 (also ss.3, 10) |
| Repeal of the 1956 Act; area delegated to rules | Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976, ss.85 and 12 (base units at ss.5–11) |
| Repeal of the 1976 Act; commencement 1 April 2011 | Legal Metrology Act, 2009, s.57; S.O. 210(E) of 31 January 2011 |
| Base units; delegation of derived units | Legal Metrology Act, 2009, ss.4, 5(1), 5(2), 11 |
| Unit of area; the krypton-86 metre; temporarily accepted units | Legal Metrology (National Standards) Rules, 2011, Rules 4, 13 and 17; Second Schedule Pt I(1); Sixth Schedule item 4 |
| SI definitions of the metre and the square metre | BIPM, SI Brochure 9th edition (2019); 17th CGPM (1983) Resolution 1 |
| 1 yard = 0.9144 m | 24 FR 5348, National Bureau of Standards notice, effective 1 July 1959 |
| 7/12 area in hectare-are-square-metre | Maharashtra Revenue & Forest Dept GR जमीन-2020/प्र.क्र.27/ज-1अ, 2 September 2020 |
| "Four places of decimal of a hectare" | Punjab Land Records Manual, Chapter 7, para 7.41(7) |
| Khatauni area in four decimals of a hectare | Observed on khatauni extracts; no rule located |
| "In 1:3960 scale, the smallest piece of land that can be measured is 1 decimal" | DILRMP Guidelines, Technical Manuals and MIS, DoLR, §5.3.1 |
| Carpet area; 500 sq m registration threshold | Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016, ss.2(k), 3(2)(a) |
| "Carpet area admeasuring …… sq. metres"; 3% cap | Model Agreement for Sale, Annexure A, cl.1(a) and 1(g); Maharashtra RERA Rules 2017 in the same terms |
| Two-decimal carpet areas observed | Kamal Kishore Uniyal v. Accord Builders, MahaREAT, on appeal from a MahaRERA order of 26 November 2019 |
| FAR as a quotient; thresholds in m² | MoHUA Model Building Bye-Laws 2016, cl.1.1(45), 2.10.1(ii); Delhi UBBL 2016, cl.1.4.48, 1.4.18, Tables 3.1–3.2 |
| Residual imperial units in a state byelaw | Punjab building byelaws (Amritsar MC copy), canopy and parking clauses |
| Basic tax levied per are | Kerala Land Tax Act, 1961 |
| Rate units | Delhi circle-rate notification · UP district revisions · Maharashtra Annual Statement of Rates. Haryana not sourced, see non-finding 10 |
What we could not establish, and do not assert:
Several government hosts (the Delhi revenue portal, jamabandi.nic.in, individual MahaRERA circular pages) were unreachable. The Maharashtra resolution and the RERA Act text were read from mirrors matching the instruments' citation details but not the issuing servers.
Corrections. Every claim above names the document it rests on, so it can be checked against the document rather than against us. If a figure is wrong or an instrument has been amended, tell us.
| Conversion | 1 Square Meter | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Acre | 0.000247 | Recurring; Exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd |
| Ankanam | 0.149499 (Standard) | Region-specific; also 0.298998 (Tirupati) |
| Ares | 0.01 | Exact; 100 m², the metric are |
| Bigha | 0.000395 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) | Region-specific; also 0.001186 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa)) · 0.001581 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills) · 0.000618 (Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai) |
| Biswa | 0.007907 (UP / Rajasthan pucca) | Region-specific; also 0.012355 (Rajasthan kachha) · 0.023722 (Punjab / Haryana old records) · 0.024711 (Himachal Pradesh) |
| Biswa Kacha | 0.023722 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition) | Region-specific; also 0.012355 (Rajasthan kachha reading) |
| Cent | 0.024711 | Recurring; One hundredth of an acre, exactly |
| Chatak | 0.239198 | Recurring; 5 sq yd exactly; 16 to the cottah, 968 to the acre. Reported, not stated by any instrument located |
| Decimal | 0.024711 | Recurring; One hundredth of an acre, exactly |
| Dhur | 0.158147 (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) | Region-specific; also 2.989975 (Tripura) |
| Dismil | 0.024711 | Recurring; The decimal under another name |
| Gaj | 1.19599 | Recurring; The square yard, 9 sq ft |
| Gajam | 1.19599 | Recurring; The square yard in Telugu, 9 sq ft |
| Ground | 0.004485 | Recurring; Tamil Nadu Urban Land Tax Act 1966, s.2(8-A): "an area comprising two hundred and twenty three square metres (two thousand and four hundred square feet)" |
| Guntha | 0.009884 | Recurring; 121 sq yd; 40 guntha = 1 acre exactly |
| Hectare | 0.0001 | Exact; 10,000 m² exactly |
| Kanal | 0.001977 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.002392 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.002605 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.002953 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Katha | 0.007907 (Bihar state standard) | Region-specific; also 0.01495 (West Bengal / Jharkhand) · 0.003737 (Assam) · 0.006178 (Bihar (Chhapra)) |
| Killa | 0.000247 | Recurring; The acre under its Punjabi name |
| Lessa | 0.074749 | Recurring; The 12-foot mauzadari jar squared (Assam Land Records Manual r.117); 20 to a katha, 100 to a bigha |
| Marla | 0.039537 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.04784 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.05209 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.059061 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Murabba | 0.00000988 (Punjab canal colony) | Region-specific; also 0.0000158 (Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal)) |
| Nali | 0.004983 | Recurring; 240 sq yd; 16 mutthi of 135 sq ft. No instrument located states the figure |
| Perch | 0.039537 | Recurring; 30.25 sq yd; 160 perches = 1 acre |
| Pura | 0.000187 | Recurring; 4 Assam bigha of 14,400 sq ft. The 4:1 ratio is SOURCED -- the Supreme Court states it in 1961 and 1971 and the Gauhati High Court in 1986, 2023, 2024 and 2026 -- but no instrument, judgment or manual states the square-foot figure, which is derived from the Assam bigha |
| Square Centimeter | 10,000 | Exact; One ten-thousandth of a square metre |
| Square Feet | 10.76391 | Recurring; The base of this series |
| Square Inch | 1,550.0031 | Recurring; One 144th of a square foot |
| Square Karam | 0.355832 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.430556 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.46881 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.531551 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Square Kilometer | 0.000001 | Exact; 1,000,000 m² |
| Square Mile | 0.000000386 | Recurring; Standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976, Schedule (see s.79): "1 square mile = 2 589 988.110 336 square metres"; 640 acres exactly |
| Square Yard | 1.19599 | Recurring; 9 sq ft exactly |
1 square metre = 0.000247 acres, recurring. An acre is exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd.
The ratio is the fraction 78,125/316,160,658, 0.00024711…, which recurs.
Acre = Square Meter ÷ 4,046.8564224
| Square Meter | Acre |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000247 |
| 2 | 0.000494 |
| 3 | 0.000741 |
| 5 | 0.001236 |
| 10 | 0.002471 |
| 20 | 0.004942 |
| 50 | 0.012355 |
| 100 | 0.024711 |
| 200 | 0.049421 |
| 500 | 0.123553 |
| 1,000 | 0.247105 |
5 square metres ÷ 4,046.8564224 = 0.001236 acres
Square Meter = Acre × 4,046.8564224
1 square metre = 0.01 ares, exact. An are is 100 m², the metric are.
A hundred square metres to the are. The are is simply a name for that quantity, which is why every are conversion in this series terminates.
Ares = Square Meter × 0.01
| Square Meter | Ares |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.01 |
| 2 | 0.02 |
| 3 | 0.03 |
| 5 | 0.05 |
| 10 | 0.1 |
| 20 | 0.2 |
| 50 | 0.5 |
| 100 | 1 |
| 200 | 2 |
| 500 | 5 |
| 1,000 | 10 |
5 square metres × 0.01 = 0.05 ares
Square Meter = Ares × 100
1 square metre = 0.024711 cents, recurring. A cent is one hundredth of an acre, exactly.
40.468564224 square metres to the cent, exact. Kerala's records are metric and its market is not; this is the figure that reconciles them.
The ratio is the fraction 3,906,250/158,080,329, 0.02471054…, which recurs.
Cent = Square Meter ÷ 40.468564224
| Square Meter | Cent |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.024711 |
| 2 | 0.049421 |
| 3 | 0.074132 |
| 5 | 0.123553 |
| 10 | 0.247105 |
| 20 | 0.494211 |
| 50 | 1.235527 |
| 100 | 2.471054 |
| 200 | 4.942108 |
| 500 | 12.355269 |
| 1,000 | 24.710538 |
5 square metres ÷ 40.468564224 = 0.123553 cents
Square Meter = Cent × 40.468564224
1 square metre = 0.004485 grounds, recurring. A ground is tamil Nadu Urban Land Tax Act 1966, s.2(8-A): "an area comprising two hundred and twenty three square metres (two thousand and four hundred square feet)".
A ground is 222.967296 square metres, exact, 2,400 square feet. Chennai quotes grounds and the Tamil Nadu record quotes square metres.
The ratio is the fraction 15,625/3,483,864, 0.00448496…, which recurs.
Ground = Square Meter ÷ 222.967296
| Square Meter | Ground |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.004485 |
| 2 | 0.00897 |
| 3 | 0.013455 |
| 5 | 0.022425 |
| 10 | 0.04485 |
| 20 | 0.089699 |
| 50 | 0.224248 |
| 100 | 0.448496 |
| 200 | 0.896993 |
| 500 | 2.242481 |
| 1,000 | 4.484963 |
5 square metres ÷ 222.967296 = 0.022425 grounds
Square Meter = Ground × 222.967296
1 square metre = 0.0001 hectares, exact. A hectare is 10,000 m² exactly.
Ten thousand square metres to the hectare, by definition. It is the unit almost every Indian record of rights now prints. Its standing under the SI has changed, the Hectare page sets out what the current SI Brochure says and what it no longer says, but the arithmetic here is unaffected either way.
Hectare = Square Meter × 0.0001
| Square Meter | Hectare |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0001 |
| 2 | 0.0002 |
| 3 | 0.0003 |
| 5 | 0.0005 |
| 10 | 0.001 |
| 20 | 0.002 |
| 50 | 0.005 |
| 100 | 0.01 |
| 200 | 0.02 |
| 500 | 0.05 |
| 1,000 | 0.1 |
5 square metres × 0.0001 = 0.0005 hectares
Square Meter = Hectare × 10,000
1 square metre = 10,000 square centimetres, exact. A square centimetre is one ten-thousandth of a square metre.
Ten thousand square centimetres to the square metre, exactly.
Square Centimeter = Square Meter × 10,000
| Square Meter | Square Centimeter |
|---|---|
| 1 | 10,000 |
| 2 | 20,000 |
| 3 | 30,000 |
| 5 | 50,000 |
| 10 | 100,000 |
| 20 | 200,000 |
| 50 | 500,000 |
| 100 | 1,000,000 |
| 200 | 2,000,000 |
| 500 | 5,000,000 |
| 1,000 | 10,000,000 |
5 square metres × 10,000 = 50,000 square centimetres
Square Meter = Square Centimeter × 0.0001
1 square metre = 10.76391 square feet, recurring. A square foot is the base of this series.
One square foot is 0.09290304 square metres, exactly, not a rounded conversion. The international foot has been defined as 0.3048 metres since 1959, so the square is exact to the last digit. The reverse, 10.7639104167…, recurs.
The ratio is the fraction 1,562,500/145,161, 10.76391042…, which recurs.
Square Feet = Square Meter ÷ 0.09290304
| Square Meter | Square Feet |
|---|---|
| 1 | 10.76391 |
| 2 | 21.527821 |
| 3 | 32.291731 |
| 5 | 53.819552 |
| 10 | 107.639104 |
| 20 | 215.278208 |
| 50 | 538.195521 |
| 100 | 1,076.391042 |
| 200 | 2,152.782083 |
| 500 | 5,381.955208 |
| 1,000 | 10,763.910417 |
5 square metres ÷ 0.09290304 = 53.819552 square feet
Square Meter = Square Feet × 0.09290304
1 square metre = 1,550.0031 square inches, recurring. A square inch is one 144th of a square foot.
The ratio is the fraction 25,000,000/16,129, 1,550.00310001…, which recurs.
Square Inch = Square Meter ÷ 0.00064516
| Square Meter | Square Inch |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1,550.0031 |
| 2 | 3,100.0062 |
| 3 | 4,650.0093 |
| 5 | 7,750.0155 |
| 10 | 15,500.031 |
| 20 | 31,000.062 |
| 50 | 77,500.155 |
| 100 | 155,000.310001 |
| 200 | 310,000.620001 |
| 500 | 775,001.550003 |
| 1,000 | 1,550,003.100006 |
5 square metres ÷ 0.00064516 = 7,750.0155 square inches
Square Meter = Square Inch × 0.00064516
1 square metre = 0.000001 square kilometres, exact. A square kilometre is 1,000,000 m².
Square Kilometer = Square Meter × 0.000001
| Square Meter | Square Kilometer |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000001 |
| 2 | 0.000002 |
| 3 | 0.000003 |
| 5 | 0.000005 |
| 10 | 0.00001 |
| 20 | 0.00002 |
| 50 | 0.00005 |
| 100 | 0.0001 |
| 200 | 0.0002 |
| 500 | 0.0005 |
| 1,000 | 0.001 |
5 square metres × 0.000001 = 0.000005 square kilometres
Square Meter = Square Kilometer × 1,000,000
1 square metre = 0.000000386 square miles, recurring. A square mile is standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976, Schedule (see s.79): "1 square mile = 2 589 988.110 336 square metres"; 640 acres exactly.
The ratio is the fraction 15,625/40,468,564,224, 0.000000386…, which recurs.
Square Mile = Square Meter ÷ 2,589,988.110336
| Square Meter | Square Mile |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000000386 |
| 2 | 0.000000772 |
| 3 | 0.00000116 |
| 5 | 0.00000193 |
| 10 | 0.00000386 |
| 20 | 0.00000772 |
| 50 | 0.0000193 |
| 100 | 0.0000386 |
| 200 | 0.0000772 |
| 500 | 0.000193 |
| 1,000 | 0.000386 |
5 square metres ÷ 2,589,988.110336 = 0.00000193 square miles
Square Meter = Square Mile × 2,589,988.110336
Exactness of the method is not exactness of the result: where a ratio does not terminate, the table says so and the formula gives the fraction.
1 square metre = 0.149499 ankanam on the Standard definition; 0.298998 on the Tirupati definition. Ankanam = Square Meter ÷ 6.68901888 (Standard) · reverse Square Meter = Ankanam × 6.68901888
| Square Meter | Ankanam (Standard) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.149499 |
| 2 | 0.298998 |
| 3 | 0.448496 |
| 5 | 0.747494 |
| 10 | 1.494988 |
| 20 | 2.989975 |
| 50 | 7.474938 |
| 100 | 14.949876 |
| 200 | 29.899751 |
| 500 | 74.749378 |
| 1,000 | 149.498756 |
Ankanam, Tirupati (36 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Ankanam (Tirupati) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.298998 |
| 2 | 0.597995 |
| 3 | 0.896993 |
| 5 | 1.494988 |
| 10 | 2.989975 |
| 20 | 5.97995 |
| 50 | 14.949876 |
| 100 | 29.899751 |
| 200 | 59.799502 |
| 500 | 149.498756 |
| 1,000 | 298.997512 |
1 square metre = 0.000395 bigha on the UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca definition; 0.001186 on the UP kachha (6⅔ biswa) definition · 0.001581 on the UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills definition · 0.000618 on the Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai definition · 0.000897 on the Madhya Pradesh definition · 0.000747 on the West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand definition · 0.001236 on the Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt definition · 0.000494 on the Punjab / west Haryana definition · 0.001329 on the Haryana Ambala belt definition. Bigha = Square Meter ÷ 2,529.285264 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) · reverse Square Meter = Bigha × 2,529.285264
| Square Meter | Bigha (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000395 |
| 2 | 0.000791 |
| 3 | 0.001186 |
| 5 | 0.001977 |
| 10 | 0.003954 |
| 20 | 0.007907 |
| 50 | 0.019768 |
| 100 | 0.039537 |
| 200 | 0.079074 |
| 500 | 0.197684 |
| 1,000 | 0.395369 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply square metre by the figure shown.
| Bigha definition | Where | Bigha per square metre |
|---|---|---|
| UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca (the definition used here) | Purvanchal, Awadh, Patna belt, east Rajasthan | 0.000395 |
| UP kachha (6⅔ biswa) | West Uttar Pradesh | 0.001186 |
| UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills | West UP, Kumaon and Garhwal hills | 0.001581 |
| Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai | Marwar, Gujarat, Terai | 0.000618 |
| Madhya Pradesh; reported, not sourced | Madhya Pradesh | 0.000897 |
| West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand | West Bengal, Assam, Ranchi | 0.000747 |
| Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt | Himachal Pradesh, Rohtak, Hisar | 0.001236 |
| Punjab / west Haryana | Punjab, kanal belt of Haryana | 0.000494 |
| Haryana Ambala belt | Ambala, Gurugram, Faridabad, Karnal, Panipat | 0.001329 |
1 square metre = 0.007907 biswa on the UP / Rajasthan pucca definition; 0.012355 on the Rajasthan kachha definition · 0.023722 on the Punjab / Haryana old records definition · 0.024711 on the Himachal Pradesh definition. Biswa = Square Meter ÷ 126.4642632 (UP / Rajasthan pucca) · reverse Square Meter = Biswa × 126.4642632
| Square Meter | Biswa (UP / Rajasthan pucca) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.007907 |
| 2 | 0.015815 |
| 3 | 0.023722 |
| 5 | 0.039537 |
| 10 | 0.079074 |
| 20 | 0.158147 |
| 50 | 0.395369 |
| 100 | 0.790737 |
| 200 | 1.581474 |
| 500 | 3.953686 |
| 1,000 | 7.907372 |
Biswa, Rajasthan kachha (871.2 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Biswa (Rajasthan kachha) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.012355 |
| 2 | 0.024711 |
| 3 | 0.037066 |
| 5 | 0.061776 |
| 10 | 0.123553 |
| 20 | 0.247105 |
| 50 | 0.617763 |
| 100 | 1.235527 |
| 200 | 2.471054 |
| 500 | 6.177635 |
| 1,000 | 12.355269 |
Biswa, Punjab / Haryana old records (453.75 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Biswa (Punjab / Haryana old records) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.023722 |
| 2 | 0.047444 |
| 3 | 0.071166 |
| 5 | 0.118611 |
| 10 | 0.237221 |
| 20 | 0.474442 |
| 50 | 1.186106 |
| 100 | 2.372212 |
| 200 | 4.744423 |
| 500 | 11.861058 |
| 1,000 | 23.722117 |
Biswa, Himachal Pradesh (435.6 sq ft):
435.6 square feet either way, so the Square Meter to Cent figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
1 square metre = 0.023722 biswa kacha on the Punjab / Haryana revenue definition; 0.012355 on the Rajasthan kachha reading definition. Biswa Kacha = Square Meter ÷ 42.1547544 (Punjab / Haryana revenue) · reverse Square Meter = Biswa Kacha × 42.1547544
453.75 square feet either way, so the Square Meter to Biswa, Punjab / Haryana old records figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
Biswa Kacha, Rajasthan kachha reading (871.2 sq ft):
871.2 square feet either way, so the Square Meter to Biswa, Rajasthan kachha figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
1 square metre = 0.158147 dhur on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) definition; 2.989975 on the Tripura definition. Dhur = Square Meter ÷ 6.32321316 (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) · reverse Square Meter = Dhur × 6.32321316
| Square Meter | Dhur (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.158147 |
| 2 | 0.316295 |
| 3 | 0.474442 |
| 5 | 0.790737 |
| 10 | 1.581474 |
| 20 | 3.162949 |
| 50 | 7.907372 |
| 100 | 15.814744 |
| 200 | 31.629489 |
| 500 | 79.073722 |
| 1,000 | 158.147444 |
Dhur, Tripura (3.6 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Dhur (Tripura) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 2.989975 |
| 2 | 5.97995 |
| 3 | 8.969925 |
| 5 | 14.949876 |
| 10 | 29.899751 |
| 20 | 59.799502 |
| 50 | 149.498756 |
| 100 | 298.997512 |
| 200 | 597.995023 |
| 500 | 1,494.987558 |
| 1,000 | 2,989.975116 |
1 square metre = 0.001977 kanal on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.002392 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.002605 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.002953 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Kanal = Square Meter ÷ 505.8570528 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Square Meter = Kanal × 505.8570528
| Square Meter | Kanal (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.001977 |
| 2 | 0.003954 |
| 3 | 0.005931 |
| 5 | 0.009884 |
| 10 | 0.019768 |
| 20 | 0.039537 |
| 50 | 0.098842 |
| 100 | 0.197684 |
| 200 | 0.395369 |
| 500 | 0.988422 |
| 1,000 | 1.976843 |
Kanal, Majha belt (60-inch karam) (4,500 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Kanal (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.002392 |
| 2 | 0.004784 |
| 3 | 0.007176 |
| 5 | 0.01196 |
| 10 | 0.02392 |
| 20 | 0.04784 |
| 50 | 0.119599 |
| 100 | 0.239198 |
| 200 | 0.478396 |
| 500 | 1.19599 |
| 1,000 | 2.39198 |
Kanal, Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) (4,132.8125 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Kanal (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.002605 |
| 2 | 0.005209 |
| 3 | 0.007814 |
| 5 | 0.013023 |
| 10 | 0.026045 |
| 20 | 0.05209 |
| 50 | 0.130225 |
| 100 | 0.26045 |
| 200 | 0.5209 |
| 500 | 1.30225 |
| 1,000 | 2.6045 |
Kanal, Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) (3,645 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Kanal (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.002953 |
| 2 | 0.005906 |
| 3 | 0.008859 |
| 5 | 0.014765 |
| 10 | 0.029531 |
| 20 | 0.059061 |
| 50 | 0.147653 |
| 100 | 0.295306 |
| 200 | 0.590612 |
| 500 | 1.476531 |
| 1,000 | 2.953062 |
1 square metre = 0.007907 katha on the Bihar state standard definition; 0.01495 on the West Bengal / Jharkhand definition · 0.003737 on the Assam definition · 0.006178 on the Bihar (Chhapra) definition · 0.005661 on the Bihar (Hajipur) definition · 0.003295 on the Bihar (Bettiah) definition. Katha = Square Meter ÷ 126.4642632 (Bihar state standard) · reverse Square Meter = Katha × 126.4642632
1,361.25 square feet either way, so the Square Meter to Biswa figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
Every definition as a factor. Multiply square metre by the figure shown.
| Katha definition | Where | Katha per square metre |
|---|---|---|
| Bihar state standard (the definition used here) | Patna, Arrah | 0.007907 |
| West Bengal / Jharkhand | Rural West Bengal, Ranchi | 0.01495 |
| Assam | Assam (except Barak Valley) | 0.003737 |
| Bihar (Chhapra) | Saran | 0.006178 |
| Bihar (Hajipur) | Vaishali | 0.005661 |
| Bihar (Bettiah) | West Champaran | 0.003295 |
1 square metre = 0.039537 marla on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.04784 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.05209 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.059061 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition · 0.04784 on the HSVP urban estate definition. Marla = Square Meter ÷ 25.29285264 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Square Meter = Marla × 25.29285264
| Square Meter | Marla (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.039537 |
| 2 | 0.079074 |
| 3 | 0.118611 |
| 5 | 0.197684 |
| 10 | 0.395369 |
| 20 | 0.790737 |
| 50 | 1.976843 |
| 100 | 3.953686 |
| 200 | 7.907372 |
| 500 | 19.768431 |
| 1,000 | 39.536861 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply square metre by the figure shown.
| Marla definition | Where | Marla per square metre |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) | Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K | 0.039537 |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran | 0.04784 |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal | 0.05209 |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Parts of Kapurthala | 0.059061 |
| HSVP urban estate | Haryana urban estates | 0.04784 |
1 square metre = 0.00000988 murabba on the Punjab canal colony definition; 0.0000158 on the Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) definition. Murabba = Square Meter ÷ 101,171.41056 (Punjab canal colony) · reverse Square Meter = Murabba × 101,171.41056
| Square Meter | Murabba (Punjab canal colony) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000988 |
| 2 | 0.0000198 |
| 3 | 0.0000297 |
| 5 | 0.0000494 |
| 10 | 0.0000988 |
| 20 | 0.000198 |
| 50 | 0.000494 |
| 100 | 0.000988 |
| 200 | 0.001977 |
| 500 | 0.004942 |
| 1,000 | 0.009884 |
Murabba, Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) (680,625 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Murabba (Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000158 |
| 2 | 0.0000316 |
| 3 | 0.0000474 |
| 5 | 0.0000791 |
| 10 | 0.000158 |
| 20 | 0.000316 |
| 50 | 0.000791 |
| 100 | 0.001581 |
| 200 | 0.003163 |
| 500 | 0.007907 |
| 1,000 | 0.015815 |
1 square metre = 0.355832 square karam on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.430556 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.46881 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.531551 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Square Karam = Square Meter ÷ 2.81031696 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Square Meter = Square Karam × 2.81031696
| Square Meter | Square Karam (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.355832 |
| 2 | 0.711663 |
| 3 | 1.067495 |
| 5 | 1.779159 |
| 10 | 3.558317 |
| 20 | 7.116635 |
| 50 | 17.791587 |
| 100 | 35.583175 |
| 200 | 71.16635 |
| 500 | 177.915875 |
| 1,000 | 355.831749 |
Square Karam, Majha belt (60-inch karam) (25 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Square Karam (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.430556 |
| 2 | 0.861113 |
| 3 | 1.291669 |
| 5 | 2.152782 |
| 10 | 4.305564 |
| 20 | 8.611128 |
| 50 | 21.527821 |
| 100 | 43.055642 |
| 200 | 86.111283 |
| 500 | 215.278208 |
| 1,000 | 430.556417 |
Square Karam, Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) (22.960069 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Square Karam (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.46881 |
| 2 | 0.93762 |
| 3 | 1.40643 |
| 5 | 2.34405 |
| 10 | 4.6881 |
| 20 | 9.3762 |
| 50 | 23.440501 |
| 100 | 46.881001 |
| 200 | 93.762002 |
| 500 | 234.405006 |
| 1,000 | 468.810011 |
Square Karam, Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) (20.25 sq ft):
| Square Meter | Square Karam (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.531551 |
| 2 | 1.063102 |
| 3 | 1.594653 |
| 5 | 2.657756 |
| 10 | 5.315511 |
| 20 | 10.631023 |
| 50 | 26.577557 |
| 100 | 53.155113 |
| 200 | 106.310226 |
| 500 | 265.775566 |
| 1,000 | 531.551132 |
1 square meter = 0.239198 chatak (recurring). Chatak = Square Meter ÷ 4.1806368 · reverse Square Meter = Chatak × 4.1806368
| Square Meter | Chatak |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.239198 |
| 2 | 0.478396 |
| 3 | 0.717594 |
| 5 | 1.19599 |
| 10 | 2.39198 |
| 20 | 4.78396 |
| 50 | 11.9599 |
| 100 | 23.919801 |
| 200 | 47.839602 |
| 500 | 119.599005 |
| 1,000 | 239.198009 |
1 square meter = 1.19599 gaj (recurring). Gaj = Square Meter ÷ 0.83612736 · reverse Square Meter = Gaj × 0.83612736
| Square Meter | Gaj |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1.19599 |
| 2 | 2.39198 |
| 3 | 3.58797 |
| 5 | 5.97995 |
| 10 | 11.9599 |
| 20 | 23.919801 |
| 50 | 59.799502 |
| 100 | 119.599005 |
| 200 | 239.198009 |
| 500 | 597.995023 |
| 1,000 | 1,195.990046 |
1 square meter = 0.009884 guntha (recurring). Guntha = Square Meter ÷ 101.17141056 · reverse Square Meter = Guntha × 101.17141056
| Square Meter | Guntha |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.009884 |
| 2 | 0.019768 |
| 3 | 0.029653 |
| 5 | 0.049421 |
| 10 | 0.098842 |
| 20 | 0.197684 |
| 50 | 0.494211 |
| 100 | 0.988422 |
| 200 | 1.976843 |
| 500 | 4.942108 |
| 1,000 | 9.884215 |
1 square meter = 0.074749 lessa (recurring). Lessa = Square Meter ÷ 13.37803776 · reverse Square Meter = Lessa × 13.37803776
| Square Meter | Lessa |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.074749 |
| 2 | 0.149499 |
| 3 | 0.224248 |
| 5 | 0.373747 |
| 10 | 0.747494 |
| 20 | 1.494988 |
| 50 | 3.737469 |
| 100 | 7.474938 |
| 200 | 14.949876 |
| 500 | 37.374689 |
| 1,000 | 74.749378 |
1 square meter = 0.004983 nali (recurring). Nali = Square Meter ÷ 200.6705664 · reverse Square Meter = Nali × 200.6705664
| Square Meter | Nali |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.004983 |
| 2 | 0.009967 |
| 3 | 0.01495 |
| 5 | 0.024916 |
| 10 | 0.049833 |
| 20 | 0.099666 |
| 50 | 0.249165 |
| 100 | 0.498329 |
| 200 | 0.996658 |
| 500 | 2.491646 |
| 1,000 | 4.983292 |
1 square meter = 0.000187 pura (recurring). Pura = Square Meter ÷ 5,351.215104 · reverse Square Meter = Pura × 5,351.215104
| Square Meter | Pura |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000187 |
| 2 | 0.000374 |
| 3 | 0.000561 |
| 5 | 0.000934 |
| 10 | 0.001869 |
| 20 | 0.003737 |
| 50 | 0.009344 |
| 100 | 0.018687 |
| 200 | 0.037375 |
| 500 | 0.093437 |
| 1,000 | 0.186873 |
Six of the thirty-two units are two names for one area with another, so their figures are identical to the last digit.
1 square metre = 0.024711 decimal. A decimal and a cent are the same area, 435.6 square feet, so any Square Meter figure converts to the same number of either. Decimal = Square Meter ÷ 40.468564224 · reverse Square Meter = Decimal × 40.468564224
1 square metre = 0.024711 dismil. A dismil and a cent are the same area, 435.6 square feet, so any Square Meter figure converts to the same number of either. Dismil = Square Meter ÷ 40.468564224 · reverse Square Meter = Dismil × 40.468564224
1 square metre = 1.19599 gajam. A gajam and a gaj are the same area, 9 square feet, so any Square Meter figure converts to the same number of either. Gajam = Square Meter ÷ 0.83612736 · reverse Square Meter = Gajam × 0.83612736
1 square metre = 0.000247 killa. A killa and an acre are the same area, 43,560 square feet, so any Square Meter figure converts to the same number of either. Killa = Square Meter ÷ 4,046.8564224 · reverse Square Meter = Killa × 4,046.8564224
1 square metre = 0.039537 perches. A perch and a marla are the same area, 272.25 square feet, so any Square Meter figure converts to the same number of either. Perch = Square Meter ÷ 25.29285264 · reverse Square Meter = Perch × 25.29285264
1 square metre = 1.19599 square yards. A square yard and a gaj are the same area, 9 square feet, so any Square Meter figure converts to the same number of either. Square Yard = Square Meter ÷ 0.83612736 · reverse Square Meter = Square Yard × 0.83612736
The tables above are arithmetic, and for a square metre the arithmetic is the easy half. What decides whether the figure you started with is the right one to convert at all is Reading Square Metres on Your Land Record.
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