Decimal Converter – Decimal to Square Feet, Acre, Katha & Other Indian Land Units
Written and fact-checked by Aadil Saif. Arithmetic independently re-verified · Last updated September 2026
Part of the India Land Unit Converter series.
Two questions had to be answered before any arithmetic was worth printing: which documents use the word decimal, and what they mean by it. The answer to the first is four instruments, a departmental report and two High Court orders. The answer to the second turned out to be the reason this page exists. Six of the searches came back empty, and all six are listed at the end rather than papered over, including one that surprised us, because West Bengal's own rules never use the word at all. The figures were held as exact fractions and rounded once, at printing. The checking script behind this page recomputes the notation table in both directions, confirms the tenfold trap really is a factor of ten on every row, and re-derives the West Bengal bracket errors from the rule text.
The Answer, First
1 decimal = 435.6 square feet, exactly one-hundredth of an acre. In metric, 40.468564224 square metres, an exact figure, not a rounding. In square yards, 48.4.
| Decimals |
Square feet |
Square metres |
Acres |
As an acre figure |
| 1 |
435.6 |
40.468564 |
0.01 |
Ac.0.010 |
| 2 |
871.2 |
80.937128 |
0.02 |
Ac.0.020 |
| 3 |
1,306.8 |
121.405693 |
0.03 |
Ac.0.030 |
| 5 |
2,178 |
202.342821 |
0.05 |
Ac.0.050 |
| 10 |
4,356 |
404.685642 |
0.1 |
Ac.0.100 |
| 20 |
8,712 |
809.371284 |
0.2 |
Ac.0.200 |
| 25 |
10,890 |
1,011.714106 |
0.25 |
Ac.0.250 |
| 50 |
21,780 |
2,023.428211 |
0.5 |
Ac.0.500 |
| 75 |
32,670 |
3,035.142317 |
0.75 |
Ac.0.750 |
| 100 |
43,560 |
4,046.856422 |
1 |
Ac.1.000 |
Popular Decimal Conversions
| Decimal |
Square Feet |
Square Meter |
Acre |
Katha (West Bengal) |
Chatak |
| 1 |
435.6 |
40.468564224 |
0.01 |
0.605 |
9.68 |
| 2 |
871.2 |
80.937128448 |
0.02 |
1.21 |
19.36 |
| 3 |
1,306.8 |
121.405692672 |
0.03 |
1.815 |
29.04 |
| 5 |
2,178 |
202.34282112 |
0.05 |
3.025 |
48.4 |
| 10 |
4,356 |
404.68564224 |
0.1 |
6.05 |
96.8 |
| 20 |
8,712 |
809.37128448 |
0.2 |
12.1 |
193.6 |
| 50 |
21,780 |
2,023.4282112 |
0.5 |
30.25 |
484 |
| 100 |
43,560 |
4,046.8564224 |
1 |
60.5 |
968 |
| 200 |
87,120 |
8,093.7128448 |
2 |
121 |
1,936 |
| 500 |
217,800 |
20,234.282112 |
5 |
302.5 |
4,840 |
| 1,000 |
435,600 |
40,468.564224 |
10 |
605 |
9,680 |
Read the last column. That is the same area as your record writes it, and it is the whole point of this unit: the decimal is the acre's second decimal place. A record reading 0.35 acre is 35 decimals. There is no conversion between them. They are one number written two ways.
The decimal is the working small unit of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Assam, and it is what the records in those states are kept in: Bhulekh, Banglarbhumi, JharBhoomi and Dharitree all show acres. If your document reads Ac.0.100, read this before you act on it. It is ten decimals, not a hundred.
Contents
Convert
The answer, first · To square feet and square metres · To acre, hectare and the metric units · To cottah, chatak, katha, bigha, lessa and guntha · To square inch, centimetre, kilometre and mile
Understand
The decimal is a decimal place · How to read "Ac.0.100 decimals" · What West Bengal's rules say instead · The smallest measurable piece of land · The same area under another name · Three mistakes · If your document and your neighbour disagree
Check
FAQ · Sources and method
Convert to a specific unit: Acre · Ankanam · Ares · Bigha · Biswa · Biswa Kacha · Cent · Chatak · Dhur · Dismil · Gaj · Gajam · Ground · Guntha · Hectare · Kanal · Katha · Killa · Lessa · Marla · Murabba · Nali · Perch · Pura · Square Centimeter · Square Feet · Square Inch · Square Karam · Square Kilometer · Square Meter · Square Mile · Square Yard
Every one of the other thirty-two units has a section on this page. Where two units are the same area their table would be identical, so the second section points at the first rather than repeating it.
Every factor is a decimal's own size, 435.6 square feet, divided by the target unit's. To check any row by hand, take that number, divide, and compare.
Each one comes from a single anchor, the acre at 43,560 square feet, by exact fraction arithmetic. Where a factor recurs, the formula gives the fraction rather than a rounded decimal, because a rounded factor is a wrong instruction rather than an approximate one: the fraction is what has to be carried wherever the arithmetic must close.
| Conversion |
Formula |
Status |
| Decimal to Acre |
Decimal × 0.01 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Ankanam |
Decimal × 6.05 |
Exact · Ankanam is regional. This row is the Standard; also 12.1 |
| Decimal to Ares |
Decimal × 0.40468564224 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Bigha |
Decimal × 0.03025 |
Exact · Bigha is regional. This row is the West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand; also 0.016, 0.048, 0.064 and 5 more |
| Decimal to Biswa |
Decimal × 0.32 |
Exact · Biswa is regional. This row is the UP / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.5, 0.96, 1 |
| Decimal to Biswa Kacha |
Decimal × 0.96 |
Exact · Biswa Kacha is regional. This row is the Punjab / Haryana revenue; also 0.5 |
| Decimal to Cent |
Decimal × 1 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Chatak |
Decimal × 9.68 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Dhur |
Decimal × 6.4 |
Exact · Dhur is regional. This row is the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain); also 121 |
| Decimal to Dismil |
Decimal × 1 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Gaj |
Decimal × 48.4 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Gajam |
Decimal × 48.4 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Ground |
Decimal × 0.1815 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Guntha |
Decimal × 0.4 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Hectare |
Decimal × 0.0040468564224 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Kanal |
Decimal × 0.08 |
Exact · Kanal is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.0968, 0.1054, 0.119506 |
| Decimal to Katha |
Decimal × 0.605 |
Exact · Katha is regional. This row is the West Bengal / Jharkhand; also 0.32, 0.15125, 0.25 and 2 more |
| Decimal to Killa |
Decimal × 0.01 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Lessa |
Decimal × 3.025 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Marla |
Decimal × 1.6 |
Exact · Marla is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 1.936, 2.108008, 2.390123 and 1 more |
| Decimal to Murabba |
Decimal × 0.0004 |
Exact · Murabba is regional. This row is the Punjab canal colony; also 0.00064 |
| Decimal to Nali |
Decimal × 121/600 |
Recurring |
| Decimal to Perch |
Decimal × 1.6 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Pura |
Decimal × 0.0075625 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Square Centimeter |
Decimal × 404,685.64224 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Square Feet |
Decimal × 435.6 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Square Inch |
Decimal × 62,726.4 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Square Karam |
Decimal × 14.4 |
Exact · Square Karam is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 17.424, 18.972068, 21.511111 |
| Decimal to Square Kilometer |
Decimal × 0.000040468564224 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Square Meter |
Decimal × 40.468564224 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Square Mile |
Decimal × 0.000015625 |
Exact |
| Decimal to Square Yard |
Decimal × 48.4 |
Exact |
The Same Area Under Another Name
If you have arrived from outside the east: yes, a decimal, a cent and a dismil are the same area. All are one-hundredth of an acre, so all are 435.6 square feet. Any converter giving different numbers for them is wrong.
What differs is the state, the instrument, the record system and the units sitting alongside, enough that each word has its own page here.
| The word |
Where it is the working unit |
Its own page |
The instrument that uses it |
| Decimal |
Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Assam |
this page |
Chota Nagpur Tenancy Rules 1959, r. 26 and Form No. 7 |
| Cent |
Kerala, Tamil Nadu |
Cent Converter |
Kerala Land Assignment Rules 1964, rr. 6 and 14 |
| Dismil |
Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh |
Dismil Converter |
Bihar Revenue Glossary |
| Shatak, শতক |
Bengali speech, alongside decimal |
covered here |
None found, no instrument located using the word |
The Bengali shatak (শতক, also written satak or shotangsho) is this same unit named in Bengali, and it is covered on this page rather than given one of its own. We could not locate any instrument that uses the word, not the West Bengal Land Reforms Rules, not the state's Land and Land Reforms Manual. It is a spoken word for a written thing, which, as the rest of this page argues, is exactly what the decimal is too.
Decimal to Square Feet and Square Metres
Two multipliers, both exact: 435.6 for square feet, 40.468564224 for square metres. Nothing in this section is approximated. The second column below is the figure your own record shows, so you can find your holding in the table without converting anything first.
| Decimals |
On the record |
Square feet |
Square metres |
Cottahs |
| 1 |
Ac.0.010 |
435.6 |
40.4686 |
0.605 |
| 2 |
Ac.0.020 |
871.2 |
80.9371 |
1.21 |
| 3 |
Ac.0.030 |
1,306.8 |
121.4057 |
1.815 |
| 5 |
Ac.0.050 |
2,178 |
202.3428 |
3.025 |
| 7 |
Ac.0.070 |
3,049.2 |
283.2799 |
4.235 |
| 10 |
Ac.0.100 |
4,356 |
404.6856 |
6.05 |
| 15 |
Ac.0.150 |
6,534 |
607.0285 |
9.075 |
| 20 |
Ac.0.200 |
8,712 |
809.3713 |
12.1 |
| 25 |
Ac.0.250 |
10,890 |
1,011.7141 |
15.125 |
| 33 |
Ac.0.330 |
14,374.8 |
1,335.4626 |
19.965 |
| 50 |
Ac.0.500 |
21,780 |
2,023.4282 |
30.25 |
| 66 |
Ac.0.660 |
28,749.6 |
2,670.9252 |
39.93 |
| 75 |
Ac.0.750 |
32,670 |
3,035.1423 |
45.375 |
| 100 |
Ac.1.000 |
43,560 |
4,046.8564 |
60.5 |
| 133 |
Ac.1.330 |
57,934.8 |
5,382.319 |
80.465 |
| 150 |
Ac.1.500 |
65,340 |
6,070.2846 |
90.75 |
| 200 |
Ac.2.000 |
87,120 |
8,093.7128 |
121 |
| 250 |
Ac.2.500 |
108,900 |
10,117.1411 |
151.25 |
| 300 |
Ac.3.000 |
130,680 |
12,140.5693 |
181.5 |
| 500 |
Ac.5.000 |
217,800 |
20,234.2821 |
302.5 |
| 1,000 |
Ac.10.000 |
435,600 |
40,468.5642 |
605 |
Divide by 435.6. The division rarely comes out: 1,000 square feet is 2.295684… decimals and the digits never stop. Carry the fraction to the end of your calculation and round once, at the point you write a number down. The cottah column is there because in Kolkata and on the Ranchi side the quoted figure will often be in cottahs rather than either of the other two.
| Square feet |
Decimals |
Cottahs |
Square metres |
| 435.6 |
1 |
0.605 |
40.4686 |
| 720 |
1.652893 |
1 |
66.8902 |
| 1,000 |
2.295684 |
1.3889 |
92.903 |
| 1,440 |
3.305785 |
2 |
133.7804 |
| 2,000 |
4.591368 |
2.7778 |
185.8061 |
| 2,880 |
6.61157 |
4 |
267.5608 |
| 3,600 |
8.264463 |
5 |
334.4509 |
| 4,356 |
10 |
6.05 |
404.6856 |
| 7,200 |
16.528926 |
10 |
668.9019 |
| 14,400 |
33.057851 |
20 |
1,337.8038 |
| 21,780 |
50 |
30.25 |
2,023.4282 |
| 43,560 |
100 |
60.5 |
4,046.8564 |
Worth carrying in your head: ten decimals is 4,356 square feet and reads Ac.0.100 on a record; a hundred is an acre; and a Kolkata cottah is a fraction over one and a half decimals, which is the one ratio in this whole page that people habitually round and should not.
The Decimal Is a Decimal Place
Every other unit in this series is a measure with a history. The bigha was a field. The katha was a share of one. The guntha is a square of thirty-three feet. Each had to be defined, and each has a size someone once fixed.
The decimal is not like that, and the difference explains almost everything readers find confusing about it.
"Decimal" names the decimal place of an acre. An area recorded as 0.35 acre carries its size in two decimal places, and in eastern India the word for those places is the word for what they measure. A hundredth of an acre was never chosen as a convenient parcel size; it is simply what two decimal places of an acre give you.
Four documents show this. None says it in those words, and none of them has to. It falls out of what each of them requires. (How the word made that journey from notation to unit name we cannot tell you: we found no document recording the transition, and the argument below does not rest on one. What follows is the result, not the history.)
One: the rule that requires the notation. The Chota Nagpur Tenancy Rules, 1959 govern applications under the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908 across what is now Jharkhand. Rule 26's Explanation provides:
"The area must be given in acres and decimals when these are known, otherwise, in the measures locally prevalent."
Read the phrase as written. Not "in acres or in decimals", two alternative units. "In acres and decimals": one figure, written in acres, carried to its decimal places.
Two: the form that ranks it against real unit chains. Form No. 7 under the same Rules, the application for enhancement of rent, prints this column heading:
"Area in (1) acres and decimals or (2) bighas, kathas and dhurs or (3) local measure."
Option two is a chain of three units. Option three is whatever the village uses. Option one is neither: it is a notation, and the Rules put it first. A 1959 state instrument is telling applicants that the preferred way to state an area is as a decimal acre, with the traditional chain as the fallback. That is the reverse of the priority anyone would guess from how land is actually talked about in Jharkhand.
Three: the states whose rules never use the word at all. In West Bengal, where decimal and shatak are the everyday words for land, the West Bengal Land Reforms Rules, 1965 do not contain the word "decimal" anywhere. Neither does the Board of Revenue's Land and Land Reforms Manual. What the Rules use is acres, with hectares in brackets, and cottahs. Form 8A prints a blank that reads:
"measuring........acre (....hectare) more or less"
There is no blank for decimals on that form, and there does not need to be. The decimals are what you write after the point in the acre blank.
Four: the central document that defines it by division rather than by size. The Department of Land Resources, in the DILRMP guidelines, calls it "1 decimal (1/100th part of an acre)". An evaluation of Bihar's land records, published on a Government of India domain, puts it the same way in a footnote: "One decimal of land is equal to 435.6 square feet or 0.01 acres." Both define it as a fraction of the acre. Neither defines it as an area in its own right, because there is nothing to define.
What follows from this, practically
- It is exactly one-hundredth of an acre, never approximately. Unlike the bigha, the katha or the biswa, this unit cannot vary by district, because it is a property of decimal notation rather than of local custom. Any source offering you a regional decimal is confused.
- No law defines it, and none needs to. We searched for an instrument stating the decimal's size as such and found none. That is not a gap in the law but a consequence of what the word means.
- It exists only where the record is kept in acres. Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh keep acres, and all of them say decimal or dismil. Kerala and Tamil Nadu keep hectares and ares, and there the same area is called a cent, a market word with no anchor in the record at all. The word follows the notation.
- When a record goes metric, the decimal loses its footing. A holding restated in hectares has no decimal place of an acre to point at. The number survives as a conversion; the word stops describing anything on the page.
One caution, restated because it matters. No instrument says "the decimal is a decimal place" in terms. This is what the four documents show when read together, and it is offered as a reading of them rather than as a quotation from any one. What is quotable is each document above, and each is quoted here in full.
How to Read "Ac.0.100 decimals"
Eastern records and eastern court orders write areas in a compressed form that is easy to misread by a factor of ten, and the misreading always goes the same way, against the smaller party.
Here is the form, from the Orissa High Court in Kulamani Mishra v. State of Orissa, decided 18 January 2018. The judgment recites a purchase of "an area of Ac.0.100 decimals", and a later sale of "an area of Ac.0.050 decimals out of the said purchased land".
Read quickly, "Ac.0.100 decimals" looks like a hundred decimals, a full acre. It is a tenth of one.
The same judgment settles this itself. Elsewhere it describes land "measuring Ac.1.000 in plot no.647", and refers to "100 decimals out of… Ac.1.000 land". So within this one judgment, Ac.1.000 is one acre and one acre is a hundred decimals, which makes Ac.0.100 ten decimals, 4,356 square feet, and Ac.0.050 five decimals, 2,178 square feet.
| Written on the record |
Acres |
Decimals |
Square feet |
Misread as |
Which would be |
| Ac.0.010 |
0.01 |
1 |
435.6 |
10 decimals |
4,356 sq ft |
| Ac.0.025 |
0.025 |
2.5 |
1,089 |
25 decimals |
10,890 sq ft |
| Ac.0.050 |
0.05 |
5 |
2,178 |
50 decimals |
21,780 sq ft |
| Ac.0.100 |
0.1 |
10 |
4,356 |
100 decimals |
43,560 sq ft |
| Ac.0.250 |
0.25 |
25 |
10,890 |
250 decimals |
108,900 sq ft |
| Ac.0.500 |
0.5 |
50 |
21,780 |
500 decimals |
217,800 sq ft |
| Ac.0.750 |
0.75 |
75 |
32,670 |
750 decimals |
326,700 sq ft |
The two right-hand columns are the mistake. On the fourth row a reader who takes the digits as a decimal count turns 4,356 square feet into 43,560, the difference between a house plot and an acre of farmland.
Why the notation reads that way
The three digits after the point are thousandths of an acre, printed to three places because that is the precision the survey carried. Two of those digits are the decimals; the third is a further subdivision of one. So the reading rule is simply:
Move the point two places right. That is your decimals.
Ac.0.100 → 10.0 decimals. Ac.2.365 → 236.5 decimals. Ac.1.000 → 100 decimals.
The word "decimals" trailing the figure is a label for the notation, not a count of anything. It is doing the same job as writing "sq ft" after a number, and a reader who treats it as the unit of the digits immediately before it gets the wrong answer every time.
What we are not claiming. We found no rule prescribing this notation, and we are reading one judgment's usage rather than an instrument. What that judgment establishes is that this is how at least one High Court writes eastern areas, and how the figures inside it are meant to be read, because it reads them itself.
What West Bengal's Rules Say Instead
The absence of the word "decimal" from West Bengal's own rules is worth one more look, because those rules do something else that a reader converting land in Bengal should know about.
The West Bengal Land Reforms Rules, 1965 state their limits in acres and cottahs, and gloss each with a metric figure in brackets. Rule 20A(3) sets a settlement floor and ceiling: "minimum—one-third of an acre (0.1349 hectare)" and "maximum—such area as… does not exceed 2 acres (0.8094 hectare)". Elsewhere the same sub-rule caps another class of settlement at "5 cottahs (.0335 hectare)".
Set those brackets against their exact values:
| Rule |
Extent as written |
Metric figure as printed |
Exact value |
Error |
| r.20A(3)(a) |
one-third of an acre |
0.1349 hectare |
0.13489521 hectare |
+0.0035% |
| r.20A(3)(b) |
2 acres |
0.8094 hectare |
0.80937128 hectare |
+0.0035% |
| r.20A(3) |
5 cottahs |
.0335 hectare |
0.03344509 hectare |
+0.1642% |
The two acre brackets are right to three and a half thousandths of one per cent. The cottah bracket is out by 0.1642%, forty-six times worse than the other two in the same sub-rule. Five cottahs is 3,600 square feet, which is 0.03344509 hectare, and the rule prints .0335.
That is a small error on a small area, and we are not suggesting anyone has been harmed by it. It is worth knowing for one reason: it tells you which figure in a bracketed pair was computed carefully. The imperial extent is the operative one and the bracket is the gloss. The same conclusion Kerala's own rules force from a much larger discrepancy, arrived at here independently and from a different rule-set.
In decimals, for the record: one-third of an acre is 33.3333 decimals, 2 acres is 200, and 5 cottahs is 8.264463.
The Smallest Measurable Piece of Land in India
The most-quoted government sentence about this unit comes from the Department of Land Resources, in the guidelines for the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme, at section 5.3.1:
"In 1:3960 scale, the smallest piece of land that can be measured is 1 decimal (1/100th part of an acre) i.e. 435.6 sq. feet."
It circulates almost everywhere with the first three words removed. Without them it reads as a national rule. Indian land cannot be measured more finely than 435.6 square feet. With them it says something narrower, and more useful.
1:3960 is a map scale. It is the classic Indian cadastral scale of sixteen inches to the mile (63,360 inches in a mile, divided by 16, is 3,960), and the surrounding paragraph is about digitising paper cadastral maps. The sentence is about what can be drawn on a sheet and read back off it. It is not about what a surveyor can measure on the ground, and not about what a record can hold.
Work out what that means physically and the sentence explains itself. One decimal is a square 20.871 feet on a side. Drawn at 1:3960, that square is 0.063246 inch across, about 1.6 millimetres. A millimetre and a half is roughly the smallest square a draughtsman can draw with a pen and a scale rule and expect a reader to measure again later. It is the resolution of the drawing, and this unit sits at it because the same imperial system produced both the scale and the unit.
That distinction matters if a boundary is in dispute. Someone telling you the law will not recognise a difference smaller than a decimal is quoting a sentence about paper. What the record can hold is far finer. One square metre in every state this series was able to verify, which is about a fortieth of a decimal.
What we are not claiming. We found no instrument making this sentence binding on anyone. It appears in programme guidelines, not in a statute or a rule, and we found no judgment applying it. It describes practice; it does not create a right. Anyone telling you otherwise, in either direction, is going beyond the document.
To Acre, Hectare and the Metric Units
Only the acre column here is tidy, and for the reason this whole page turns on: the decimal is a hundredth of an acre by construction, not by measurement. The cottah and bigha columns are the ones an eastern holder is usually asked for.
| Decimals |
Acres |
Cottahs |
Bengal bighas |
Hectares |
Square metres |
| 1 |
0.01 |
0.605 |
0.0303 |
0.004047 |
40.47 |
| 5 |
0.05 |
3.025 |
0.1513 |
0.020234 |
202.34 |
| 10 |
0.1 |
6.05 |
0.3025 |
0.040469 |
404.69 |
| 20 |
0.2 |
12.1 |
0.605 |
0.080937 |
809.37 |
| 25 |
0.25 |
15.125 |
0.7563 |
0.101171 |
1,011.71 |
| 33 |
0.33 |
19.965 |
0.9983 |
0.133546 |
1,335.46 |
| 50 |
0.5 |
30.25 |
1.5125 |
0.202343 |
2,023.43 |
| 75 |
0.75 |
45.375 |
2.2688 |
0.303514 |
3,035.14 |
| 100 |
1 |
60.5 |
3.025 |
0.404686 |
4,046.86 |
| 150 |
1.5 |
90.75 |
4.5375 |
0.607028 |
6,070.28 |
| 200 |
2 |
121 |
6.05 |
0.809371 |
8,093.71 |
| 247 |
2.47 |
149.435 |
7.4718 |
0.999574 |
9,995.74 |
| 500 |
5 |
302.5 |
15.125 |
2.023428 |
20,234.28 |
| 1,000 |
10 |
605 |
30.25 |
4.046856 |
40,468.56 |
The 247-decimal row is there because 247 decimals is the closest whole number to a hectare, 0.999574 of one. A hectare is 247.1054 decimals.
Going the other way, which is what you need when a record has been restated in metric: multiply hectares by 247.1054, ares by 2.471054, or square metres by 0.0247105381. A record reading 0.0405 hectare is 10.008 decimals; one reading 4 ares is 9.884.
To Cottah, Chatak, Katha, Bigha, Lessa and Guntha
These are the conversions that go wrong, because your record gives an area in decimals and your neighbour gives the same area in cottahs, and the ratio between them is not a round number.
| Unit |
Square feet |
1 decimal = |
1 unit = decimals |
What stands behind the size |
| Cottah / katha, West Bengal, Kolkata, Ranchi side of Jharkhand |
720 |
0.605 |
1.652893 |
Observed; Supreme Court records kathas and chataks at Ranchi |
| Chatak, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Barak Valley |
45 |
9.68 |
0.103306 |
Observed, 16 chataks to the cottah |
| Bigha, West Bengal and Assam |
14,400 |
0.03025 |
33.057851 |
Observed |
| Katha, Assam, Brahmaputra Valley |
2,880 |
0.15125 |
6.61157 |
Observed |
| Lessa, Assam |
144 |
3.025 |
0.330579 |
Observed |
| Guntha / gunth, Odisha, Karnataka, Maharashtra |
1,089 |
0.4 |
2.5 |
Observed |
| Katha, Patna and most of Bihar |
1,361.25 |
0.32 |
3.125 |
Observed, for readers whose document crosses the border |
| Dhur, Bihar and Jharkhand |
68.0625 |
6.4 |
0.15625 |
Observed |
Three worth committing to memory if you hold land in the east:
- A Kolkata cottah is 1.652893 decimals. There is no clean relationship: the cottah is 720 square feet, the decimal 435.6, and 720 ÷ 435.6 does not resolve. The same cottah is used on the Ranchi side of Jharkhand.
- A Bengal bigha is 33.057851 decimals: twenty cottahs, and just as untidy.
- An Odisha guntha is exactly 2.5 decimals, one of the very few clean ratios on this page, because the guntha is a fortieth of an acre and the decimal a hundredth.
Assam runs on a different chain again: 6.61157 decimals to the katha, and a lessa is about a third of a decimal. Every regional katha value is set out with its attestation elsewhere; this page gives only the two rows an eastern reader needs.
To Square Inch, Square Centimetre, Square Kilometre and Square Mile
Every figure in this table terminates. That follows from the square foot being exactly 0.09290304 square metre; multiply a terminating decimal by a terminating decimal and the result terminates. The acre column is given alongside because an eastern record states acres, and these units are more often wanted per acre than per decimal.
| Unit |
1 decimal = |
1 acre = |
| Square inch |
62,726.4 |
6,272,640 |
| Square centimetre |
404,685.64224 |
40,468,564.224 |
| Square kilometre |
0.000040468564224 |
0.0040468564224 |
| Square mile |
0.000015625 |
0.0015625 |
Three Mistakes That Change the Answer
1. Reading the digits after the point as a decimal count. Ac.0.100 is ten decimals, not a hundred, 4,356 square feet, not 43,560. This is the tenfold error, it appears in real court records, and it is set out in full above. Move the point two places right.
2. Calling a cottah one and a half decimals. It is 1.652893. On one cottah the shortcut loses 66.6 square feet. On a Kolkata bigha of twenty cottahs it loses 1,332 square feet, nearly two cottahs, on a plot where the cottah is the unit the price is set in.
3. Treating the decimal as a regional unit. It is not. The bigha varies by district, the katha varies by district, the biswa varies by state. This does not, and cannot, because it is a property of decimal notation rather than local custom. If a source offers you an "Odisha decimal" different from a "Bengal decimal", stop reading it.
If Your Document and Your Neighbour Disagree
Use 435.6 square feet, and 40.468564224 square metres. There is no regional variant and no second opinion. The decimal is one-hundredth of an acre; the acre is exactly 43,560 square feet; the foot is exactly 0.3048 metre.
When the disagreement is about the notation, the record settles it. Ask which figure is the acre figure. Everything after the point is decimals, two places to the right, and if the parties cannot agree on that, the plot area in square feet is the thing to compute and compare, because it is the same number under every reading.
When someone cites the "smallest measurable piece of land" at you, ask for the sentence. It begins "In 1:3960 scale". It is about what a map can show, not what a record can hold, and it does not stop a smaller area from being recorded.
And if a document uses a different word (cent, dismil, shatak) the area is already identical. There is nothing to convert. What changes with the word is the paperwork around it, which is what the Cent and Dismil pages are for.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many square feet is 1 decimal?
435.6 square feet. In metric, 40.468564224 square metres exactly. In square yards, 48.4.
How many decimals are in an acre?
Exactly 100: and that is a fact about notation rather than about measurement. Two decimal places of an acre give you a hundred parts, so the decimal is one of them by construction. It cannot be otherwise, and it cannot vary by district.
What does "Ac.0.100 decimals" on my record mean?
Ten decimals: 4,356 square feet, a tenth of an acre. Not a hundred decimals. Move the point two places to the right to get your decimal count. The Orissa High Court writes areas this way and reads them this way itself; the working is above.
How many decimals in a katha, a cottah, a bigha or a lessa?
A Kolkata or Ranchi cottah is 1.652893 decimals. A Bengal or Assam bigha is 33.057851. An Assam katha is 6.61157 and a lessa is 0.330579. A Patna katha, if your document crosses into Bihar, is 3.125. An Odisha guntha is exactly 2.5. The full table with attestations is above.
Is decimal the same as dismil, cent or shatak?
Yes: the same area under four regional names, all one-hundredth of an acre. What changes is the state, the instruments and the record system. The Cent page covers Kerala and Tamil Nadu, the Dismil page covers Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh, and shatak is the Bengali word for what this page describes.
Does any law actually define the decimal?
We could not find one, and on the argument this page makes there is nothing for a law to define. The Chota Nagpur Tenancy Rules require areas to be given "in acres and decimals" without saying how large a decimal is. The West Bengal Land Reforms Rules do not use the word at all. The DILRMP guidelines and a Bihar departmental report both describe it as one-hundredth of an acre, a division, not a measurement.
What is the "smallest measurable piece of land" claim, and does it bind anyone?
It is one sentence in the DILRMP guidelines, and it begins "In 1:3960 scale". It describes what can be drawn and read off a cadastral map at sixteen inches to the mile, where a decimal is a square about 1.6 millimetres across. We found no instrument making it binding and no judgment applying it. Land records in the states we could check go down to a single square metre.
Which states use the decimal, and what will my portal show?
Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Assam principally; Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh say dismil. JharBhoomi, Banglarbhumi, Bhulekh and Dharitree all present areas in acres, so what you will see is an acre figure, and the decimals are the digits after its point.
Sources and Method
| Statement |
Source |
| 1 decimal = 1/100 acre = 435.6 sq ft = 40.468564224 m² |
Definitional: the acre of 43,560 sq ft and the international foot of 0.3048 m |
| "The area must be given in acres and decimals when these are known, otherwise, in the measures locally prevalent" |
Chota Nagpur Tenancy Rules, 1959, r. 26, Explanation |
| "Area in (1) acres and decimals or (2) bighas, kathas and dhurs or (3) local measure" |
Chota Nagpur Tenancy Rules, 1959, Form No. 7, column 7 |
| "decimal" absent from West Bengal's rules and manual |
West Bengal Land Reforms Rules, 1965; West Bengal Land and Land Reforms Manual, Board of Revenue, searched, no occurrence |
| "minimum—one-third of an acre (0.1349 hectare)"; "2 acres (0.8094 hectare)"; "5 cottahs (.0335 hectare)" |
West Bengal Land Reforms Rules, 1965, r. 20A(3) |
| "measuring........acre (....hectare) more or less" |
West Bengal Land Reforms Rules, 1965, Form 8A |
| "In 1:3960 scale, the smallest piece of land that can be measured is 1 decimal (1/100th part of an acre) i.e. 435.6 sq. feet" |
DILRMP Guidelines, Technical Manuals and MIS, DoLR, §5.3.1 |
| "One decimal of land is equal to 435.6 square feet or 0.01 acres" |
Evaluation of Quality of Land Records: Bihar, IIHS, draft for discussion, on a Government of India domain, footnote 2 |
| "Ac.0.100 decimals"; "100 decimals out of…Ac.1.000 land" |
Orissa High Court, Kulamani Mishra v. State of Orissa, 18 January 2018 |
| "7 Kathas comprising 15 decimals" |
Jharkhand High Court, Dhananjay Rana v. State of Jharkhand, 27 February 2017, see the Katha page |
| Cottah, chatak, katha, bigha, lessa sizes |
Their own pages here |
What we looked for and did not find
- Any instrument defining the decimal as an area in its own right. Four documents describe it as a fraction of the acre; none gives it a size of its own.
- Any West Bengal or Odisha rule or prescribed form using the word. Searched the WBLR Rules 1965 and the Board of Revenue's Manual directly; it does not occur. For Odisha the usage evidence is judicial, not regulatory.
- Any instrument using "shatak." The word is on every conversion site and in no document we could reach.
- Any rule prescribing the "Ac.0.000" notation. We read one High Court's usage, and say so where we use it.
- A second Odisha judgment using this notation, and sourced values for Odisha's gunth-and-mana chain. One judgment was located and the section relying on it says so; the gunth values are listed everywhere online and nowhere citable.
- Any judgment applying the DILRMP §5.3.1 sentence.
Method
Nothing here was calculated in floating point. Two definitions are stored (the acre at 43,560 square feet, the international foot at 0.3048 metre), and every other figure is a ratio of whole numbers derived from them, converted to a decimal only when printed.
Every figure in the running text is checked against the stored values rather than against itself.
On the sibling pages
Three pages here describe one area, and the division between them is by document rather than by wording. Everything Kerala and Tamil Nadu have written about this unit (the assignment rules, the land tax, the survey department's table) belongs to the Cent page and is not repeated here. Everything Bihar has written about it belongs under the spelling Bihar uses. This page carries what Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha have written, plus the central guideline that uses the word decimal. A reader needing another state's paperwork is better served by the link than by a summary of it here.
Decimal Conversion Quick Reference
| Conversion |
1 Decimal |
Note |
| Acre |
0.01 |
Exact; Exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd |
| Ankanam |
6.05 (Standard) |
Region-specific; also 12.1 (Tirupati) |
| Ares |
0.40468564224 |
Exact; 100 m², the metric are |
| Bigha |
0.03025 (West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand) |
Region-specific; also 0.016 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) · 0.048 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa)) · 0.064 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills) |
| Biswa |
0.32 (UP / Rajasthan pucca) |
Region-specific; also 0.5 (Rajasthan kachha) · 0.96 (Punjab / Haryana old records) · 1 (Himachal Pradesh) |
| Biswa Kacha |
0.96 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition) |
Region-specific; also 0.5 (Rajasthan kachha reading) |
| Cent |
1 |
Exact; the same area as a decimal, 435.6 sq ft, under another name |
| Chatak |
9.68 |
Exact; 5 sq yd exactly; 16 to the cottah, 968 to the acre. Reported, not stated by any instrument located |
| Dhur |
6.4 (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) |
Region-specific; also 121 (Tripura) |
| Dismil |
1 |
Exact; the same area as a decimal, 435.6 sq ft, under another name |
| Gaj |
48.4 |
Exact; The square yard, 9 sq ft |
| Gajam |
48.4 |
Exact; The square yard in Telugu, 9 sq ft |
| Ground |
0.1815 |
Exact; Tamil Nadu Urban Land Tax Act 1966, s.2(8-A): "an area comprising two hundred and twenty three square metres (two thousand and four hundred square feet)" |
| Guntha |
0.4 |
Exact; 121 sq yd; 40 guntha = 1 acre exactly |
| Hectare |
0.0040468564224 |
Exact; 10,000 m² exactly |
| Kanal |
0.08 (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
Region-specific; also 0.0968 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.1054 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.119506 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Katha |
0.605 (West Bengal / Jharkhand) |
Region-specific; also 0.32 (Bihar state standard) · 0.15125 (Assam) · 0.25 (Bihar (Chhapra)) |
| Killa |
0.01 |
Exact; The acre under its Punjabi name |
| Lessa |
3.025 |
Exact; The 12-foot mauzadari jar squared (Assam Land Records Manual r.117); 20 to a katha, 100 to a bigha |
| Marla |
1.6 (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
Region-specific; also 1.936 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 2.108008 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 2.390123 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Murabba |
0.0004 (Punjab canal colony) |
Region-specific; also 0.00064 (Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal)) |
| Nali |
0.201667 |
Recurring; 240 sq yd; 16 mutthi of 135 sq ft. No instrument located states the figure |
| Perch |
1.6 |
Exact; 30.25 sq yd; 160 perches = 1 acre |
| Pura |
0.0075625 |
Exact; 4 Assam bigha of 14,400 sq ft. The 4:1 ratio is SOURCED -- the Supreme Court states it in 1961 and 1971 and the Gauhati High Court in 1986, 2023, 2024 and 2026 -- but no instrument, judgment or manual states the square-foot figure, which is derived from the Assam bigha |
| Square Centimeter |
404,685.64224 |
Exact; One ten-thousandth of a square metre |
| Square Feet |
435.6 |
Exact; The base of this series |
| Square Inch |
62,726.4 |
Exact; One 144th of a square foot |
| Square Karam |
14.4 (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
Region-specific; also 17.424 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 18.972068 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 21.511111 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Square Kilometer |
0.000040468564224 |
Exact; 1,000,000 m² |
| Square Meter |
40.468564224 |
Exact; The SI unit of area |
| Square Mile |
0.000015625 |
Exact; Standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976, Schedule (see s.79): "1 square mile = 2 589 988.110 336 square metres"; 640 acres exactly |
| Square Yard |
48.4 |
Exact; 9 sq ft exactly |
Decimal to Acre
1 decimal = 0.01 acres, exact. An acre is exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd.
Acre = Decimal × 0.01
Popular Decimal to Acre Conversions
| Decimal |
Acre |
| 1 |
0.01 |
| 2 |
0.02 |
| 3 |
0.03 |
| 5 |
0.05 |
| 10 |
0.1 |
| 20 |
0.2 |
| 50 |
0.5 |
| 100 |
1 |
| 200 |
2 |
| 500 |
5 |
| 1,000 |
10 |
Worked Example
5 decimal × 0.01 = 0.05 acres
Reverse Conversion: Acre to Decimal
Decimal = Acre × 100
Decimal to Bigha
1 decimal = 0.03025 bigha on the West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand definition. The bigha has no single national value. It is also 0.016 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) · 0.048 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa)) · 0.064 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills) and 5 more per decimal. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
The ratio is the fraction 121/4,000, or 0.03025 exactly.
Bigha = Decimal × 0.03025 (West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand)
Popular Decimal to Bigha Conversions
| Decimal |
Bigha (West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand) |
| 1 |
0.03025 |
| 2 |
0.0605 |
| 3 |
0.09075 |
| 5 |
0.15125 |
| 10 |
0.3025 |
| 20 |
0.605 |
| 50 |
1.5125 |
| 100 |
3.025 |
| 200 |
6.05 |
| 500 |
15.125 |
| 1,000 |
30.25 |
Bigha by Region
| Bigha definition |
Where it applies |
1 bigha in sq ft |
Bigha per decimal |
Terminates? |
Evidence |
| UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca |
Purvanchal, Awadh, Patna belt, east Rajasthan |
27,225 |
0.016 |
Exact |
sourced |
| UP kachha (6⅔ biswa) |
West Uttar Pradesh |
9,075 |
0.048 |
Exact |
sourced |
| UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills |
West UP, Kumaon and Garhwal hills |
6,806.25 |
0.064 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai |
Marwar, Gujarat, Terai |
17,424 |
0.025 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Madhya Pradesh |
Madhya Pradesh |
12,000 |
0.0363 |
Exact |
reported, not sourced |
| West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand (the definition used here) |
West Bengal, Assam, Ranchi |
14,400 |
0.03025 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt |
Himachal Pradesh, Rohtak, Hisar |
8,712 |
0.05 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Punjab / west Haryana |
Punjab, kanal belt of Haryana |
21,780 |
0.02 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Haryana Ambala belt |
Ambala, Gurugram, Faridabad, Karnal, Panipat |
8,100 |
0.053778 |
Recurring |
sourced |
Not every definition above rests on an instrument. 1 of the 9 are marked reported or no instrument located: in circulation and internally consistent, but this series could not find a rule, manual or judgment stating them. What was searched for each is recorded with that unit. Terminates? answers only whether the ratio has a finite decimal, not whether the figure behind it is verified.
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
Worked Example
5 decimal × 0.03025 = 0.15125 bigha
Reverse Conversion: Bigha to Decimal
Decimal = Bigha ÷ 0.03025 (West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand)
Decimal = Bigha × 62.5 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca)
Decimal = Bigha ÷ 0.048 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa))
Decimal = Bigha × 15.625 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills)
Decimal = Bigha × 40 (Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai)
Decimal = Bigha ÷ 0.0363 (Madhya Pradesh)
Decimal = Bigha × 20 (Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt)
Decimal = Bigha × 50 (Punjab / west Haryana)
Decimal = Bigha × 2,250/121 (Haryana Ambala belt)
Decimal to Biswa
1 decimal = 0.32 biswa on the UP / Rajasthan pucca definition. The biswa has no single national value. It is also 0.5 (Rajasthan kachha) · 0.96 (Punjab / Haryana old records) · 1 (Himachal Pradesh) per decimal. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
The ratio is the fraction 8/25, or 0.32 exactly.
Biswa = Decimal × 0.32 (UP / Rajasthan pucca)
Popular Decimal to Biswa Conversions
| Decimal |
Biswa (UP / Rajasthan pucca) |
| 1 |
0.32 |
| 2 |
0.64 |
| 3 |
0.96 |
| 5 |
1.6 |
| 10 |
3.2 |
| 20 |
6.4 |
| 50 |
16 |
| 100 |
32 |
| 200 |
64 |
| 500 |
160 |
| 1,000 |
320 |
Biswa by Region
| Biswa definition |
Where it applies |
1 biswa in sq ft |
Biswa per decimal |
Terminates? |
Evidence |
| UP / Rajasthan pucca (the definition used here) |
Uttar Pradesh, east Rajasthan |
1,361.25 |
0.32 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Rajasthan kachha |
Marwar |
871.2 |
0.5 |
Exact |
no instrument located |
| Punjab / Haryana old records |
Punjab, Haryana |
453.75 |
0.96 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Himachal Pradesh |
Himachal Pradesh |
435.6 |
1 |
Exact |
no instrument located |
Not every definition above rests on an instrument. 2 of the 4 are marked reported or no instrument located: in circulation and internally consistent, but this series could not find a rule, manual or judgment stating them. What was searched for each is recorded with that unit. Terminates? answers only whether the ratio has a finite decimal, not whether the figure behind it is verified.
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
Worked Example
5 decimal × 0.32 = 1.6 biswa
Reverse Conversion: Biswa to Decimal
Decimal = Biswa × 3.125 (UP / Rajasthan pucca)
Decimal = Biswa × 2 (Rajasthan kachha)
Decimal = Biswa ÷ 0.96 (Punjab / Haryana old records)
Decimal = Biswa × 1 (Himachal Pradesh)
Decimal to Biswa Kacha
1 decimal = 0.96 biswa kacha on the Punjab / Haryana revenue definition. The biswa kacha has no single national value. It is also 0.5 (Rajasthan kachha reading) per decimal. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
The ratio is the fraction 24/25, or 0.96 exactly.
Biswa Kacha = Decimal × 0.96 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition)
Popular Decimal to Biswa Kacha Conversions
| Decimal |
Biswa Kacha (Punjab / Haryana revenue) |
| 1 |
0.96 |
| 2 |
1.92 |
| 3 |
2.88 |
| 5 |
4.8 |
| 10 |
9.6 |
| 20 |
19.2 |
| 50 |
48 |
| 100 |
96 |
| 200 |
192 |
| 500 |
480 |
| 1,000 |
960 |
Biswa Kacha by Region
| Biswa Kacha definition |
Where it applies |
1 biswa kacha in sq ft |
Biswa Kacha per decimal |
Terminates? |
Evidence |
| Punjab / Haryana revenue definition (the definition used here) |
Punjab, Haryana |
453.75 |
0.96 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Rajasthan kachha reading |
Marwar |
871.2 |
0.5 |
Exact |
no instrument located |
Not every definition above rests on an instrument. 1 of the 2 are marked reported or no instrument located: in circulation and internally consistent, but this series could not find a rule, manual or judgment stating them. What was searched for each is recorded with that unit. Terminates? answers only whether the ratio has a finite decimal, not whether the figure behind it is verified.
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
Worked Example
5 decimal × 0.96 = 4.8 biswa kacha
Reverse Conversion: Biswa Kacha to Decimal
Decimal = Biswa Kacha ÷ 0.96 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition)
Decimal = Biswa Kacha × 2 (Rajasthan kachha reading)
Decimal to Chatak
1 decimal = 9.68 chatak, exact. A chatak is 5 sq yd exactly; 16 to the cottah, 968 to the acre. Reported, not stated by any instrument located.
The ratio is the fraction 242/25, or 9.68 exactly.
Chatak = Decimal × 9.68
Popular Decimal to Chatak Conversions
| Decimal |
Chatak |
| 1 |
9.68 |
| 2 |
19.36 |
| 3 |
29.04 |
| 5 |
48.4 |
| 10 |
96.8 |
| 20 |
193.6 |
| 50 |
484 |
| 100 |
968 |
| 200 |
1,936 |
| 500 |
4,840 |
| 1,000 |
9,680 |
Worked Example
5 decimal × 9.68 = 48.4 chatak
Reverse Conversion: Chatak to Decimal
Decimal = Chatak ÷ 9.68
Decimal to Gaj
1 decimal = 48.4 gaj, exact. A gaj is the square yard, 9 sq ft.
The ratio is the fraction 242/5, or 48.4 exactly.
Gaj = Decimal × 48.4
Popular Decimal to Gaj Conversions
| Decimal |
Gaj |
| 1 |
48.4 |
| 2 |
96.8 |
| 3 |
145.2 |
| 5 |
242 |
| 10 |
484 |
| 20 |
968 |
| 50 |
2,420 |
| 100 |
4,840 |
| 200 |
9,680 |
| 500 |
24,200 |
| 1,000 |
48,400 |
Worked Example
5 decimal × 48.4 = 242 gaj
Reverse Conversion: Gaj to Decimal
Decimal = Gaj ÷ 48.4
Decimal to Hectare
1 decimal = 0.0040468564224 hectares, exact. A hectare is 10,000 m² exactly.
The ratio is the fraction 158,080,329/39,062,500,000, or 0.0040468564224 exactly.
Hectare = Decimal × 0.0040468564224
Popular Decimal to Hectare Conversions
| Decimal |
Hectare |
| 1 |
0.0040468564224 |
| 2 |
0.0080937128448 |
| 3 |
0.0121405692672 |
| 5 |
0.020234282112 |
| 10 |
0.040468564224 |
| 20 |
0.080937128448 |
| 50 |
0.20234282112 |
| 100 |
0.40468564224 |
| 200 |
0.80937128448 |
| 500 |
2.0234282112 |
| 1,000 |
4.0468564224 |
Worked Example
5 decimal × 0.0040468564224 = 0.020234282112 hectares
Reverse Conversion: Hectare to Decimal
Decimal = Hectare ÷ 0.0040468564224
Decimal to Katha
1 decimal = 0.605 katha on the West Bengal / Jharkhand definition. The katha has no single national value. It is also 0.32 (Bihar state standard) · 0.15125 (Assam) · 0.25 (Bihar (Chhapra)) and 2 more per decimal. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
In Bihar 3.125 decimal make a katha; in West Bengal and Jharkhand 1.653…; in Assam 6.611…. A deed that quotes both is the safest kind to convert from, because the two figures check each other.
The ratio is the fraction 121/200, or 0.605 exactly.
Katha = Decimal × 0.605 (West Bengal / Jharkhand)
Popular Decimal to Katha Conversions
| Decimal |
Katha (West Bengal / Jharkhand) |
| 1 |
0.605 |
| 2 |
1.21 |
| 3 |
1.815 |
| 5 |
3.025 |
| 10 |
6.05 |
| 20 |
12.1 |
| 50 |
30.25 |
| 100 |
60.5 |
| 200 |
121 |
| 500 |
302.5 |
| 1,000 |
605 |
Katha by Region
| Katha definition |
Where it applies |
1 katha in sq ft |
Katha per decimal |
Terminates? |
Evidence |
| Bihar state standard |
Patna, Arrah |
1,361.25 |
0.32 |
Exact |
sourced |
| West Bengal / Jharkhand (the definition used here) |
Rural West Bengal, Ranchi |
720 |
0.605 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Assam |
Assam (except Barak Valley) |
2,880 |
0.15125 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Bihar (Chhapra) |
Saran |
1,742.4 |
0.25 |
Exact |
sourced |
| Bihar (Hajipur) |
Vaishali |
1,901.25 |
0.229112 |
Recurring |
sourced |
| Bihar (Bettiah) |
West Champaran |
3,267 |
0.133333 |
Recurring |
sourced |
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
Worked Example
5 decimal × 0.605 = 3.025 katha
Reverse Conversion: Katha to Decimal
Decimal = Katha ÷ 0.605 (West Bengal / Jharkhand)
Decimal = Katha × 3.125 (Bihar state standard)
Decimal = Katha ÷ 0.15125 (Assam)
Decimal = Katha × 4 (Bihar (Chhapra))
Decimal = Katha × 4,225/968 (Bihar (Hajipur))
Decimal = Katha × 7.5 (Bihar (Bettiah))
Decimal to Lessa
1 decimal = 3.025 lessa, exact. A lessa is the 12-foot mauzadari jar squared (Assam Land Records Manual r.117); 20 to a katha, 100 to a bigha.
The ratio is the fraction 121/40, or 3.025 exactly.
Lessa = Decimal × 3.025
Popular Decimal to Lessa Conversions
| Decimal |
Lessa |
| 1 |
3.025 |
| 2 |
6.05 |
| 3 |
9.075 |
| 5 |
15.125 |
| 10 |
30.25 |
| 20 |
60.5 |
| 50 |
151.25 |
| 100 |
302.5 |
| 200 |
605 |
| 500 |
1,512.5 |
| 1,000 |
3,025 |
Worked Example
5 decimal × 3.025 = 15.125 lessa
Reverse Conversion: Lessa to Decimal
Decimal = Lessa ÷ 3.025
Decimal to Square Feet
1 decimal = 435.6 square feet, exact. A square foot is the base of this series.
435.6 square feet to the decimal, one hundredth of an acre. Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha quote land in decimals and built area in square feet, so both numbers appear in one transaction.
Where the square foot fits into the decimal's own record is set out in Decimal to Square Feet and Square Metres above; what follows is the arithmetic.
The ratio is the fraction 2,178/5, or 435.6 exactly.
Square Feet = Decimal × 435.6
Popular Decimal to Square Feet Conversions
| Decimal |
Square Feet |
| 1 |
435.6 |
| 2 |
871.2 |
| 3 |
1,306.8 |
| 5 |
2,178 |
| 10 |
4,356 |
| 20 |
8,712 |
| 50 |
21,780 |
| 100 |
43,560 |
| 200 |
87,120 |
| 500 |
217,800 |
| 1,000 |
435,600 |
Worked Example
5 decimal × 435.6 = 2,178 square feet
Reverse Conversion: Square Feet to Decimal
Decimal = Square Feet ÷ 435.6
Decimal to Square Meter
1 decimal = 40.468564224 square metres, exact. A square metre is the SI unit of area.
A decimal is 40.468564224 square metres, exact, the same figure as a cent, because they are the same unit.
The ratio is the fraction 158,080,329/3,906,250, or 40.468564224 exactly.
Square Meter = Decimal × 40.468564224
Popular Decimal to Square Meter Conversions
| Decimal |
Square Meter |
| 1 |
40.468564224 |
| 2 |
80.937128448 |
| 3 |
121.405692672 |
| 5 |
202.34282112 |
| 10 |
404.68564224 |
| 20 |
809.37128448 |
| 50 |
2,023.4282112 |
| 100 |
4,046.8564224 |
| 200 |
8,093.7128448 |
| 500 |
20,234.282112 |
| 1,000 |
40,468.564224 |
Worked Example
5 decimal × 40.468564224 = 202.34282112 square metres
Reverse Conversion: Square Meter to Decimal
Decimal = Square Meter ÷ 40.468564224
Decimal to the Remaining Units
Exactness of the method is not exactness of the result: where a ratio does not terminate, the table says so and the formula gives the fraction.
Decimal to Dhur
1 decimal = 6.4 dhur on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) definition; 121 on the Tripura definition. Dhur = Decimal × 6.4 (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) · reverse Decimal = Dhur × 0.15625
| Decimal |
Dhur (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) |
| 1 |
6.4 |
| 2 |
12.8 |
| 3 |
19.2 |
| 5 |
32 |
| 10 |
64 |
| 20 |
128 |
| 50 |
320 |
| 100 |
640 |
| 200 |
1,280 |
| 500 |
3,200 |
| 1,000 |
6,400 |
Dhur, Tripura (3.6 sq ft):
| Decimal |
Dhur (Tripura) |
| 1 |
121 |
| 2 |
242 |
| 3 |
363 |
| 5 |
605 |
| 10 |
1,210 |
| 20 |
2,420 |
| 50 |
6,050 |
| 100 |
12,100 |
| 200 |
24,200 |
| 500 |
60,500 |
| 1,000 |
121,000 |
Decimal to Ankanam
1 decimal = 6.05 ankanam on the Standard definition; 12.1 on the Tirupati definition. Ankanam = Decimal × 6.05 (Standard) · reverse Decimal = Ankanam ÷ 6.05
| Decimal |
Ankanam (Standard) |
| 1 |
6.05 |
| 2 |
12.1 |
| 3 |
18.15 |
| 5 |
30.25 |
| 10 |
60.5 |
| 20 |
121 |
| 50 |
302.5 |
| 100 |
605 |
| 200 |
1,210 |
| 500 |
3,025 |
| 1,000 |
6,050 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply decimal by the figure shown.
| Ankanam definition |
Where |
Ankanam per decimal |
| Standard (the definition used here) |
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, parts of Karnataka |
6.05 |
| Tirupati |
Tirupati and parts of Chittoor |
12.1 |
Decimal to Kanal
1 decimal = 0.08 kanal on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.0968 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.1054 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.119506 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Kanal = Decimal × 0.08 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Decimal = Kanal × 12.5
| Decimal |
Kanal (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
| 1 |
0.08 |
| 2 |
0.16 |
| 3 |
0.24 |
| 5 |
0.4 |
| 10 |
0.8 |
| 20 |
1.6 |
| 50 |
4 |
| 100 |
8 |
| 200 |
16 |
| 500 |
40 |
| 1,000 |
80 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply decimal by the figure shown.
| Kanal definition |
Where |
Kanal per decimal |
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) |
Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K |
0.08 |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran |
0.0968 |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal |
0.1054 |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Parts of Kapurthala |
0.119506 |
Decimal to Marla
1 decimal = 1.6 marla on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 1.936 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 2.108008 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 2.390123 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition · 1.936 on the HSVP urban estate definition. Marla = Decimal × 1.6 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Decimal = Marla × 0.625
| Decimal |
Marla (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
| 1 |
1.6 |
| 2 |
3.2 |
| 3 |
4.8 |
| 5 |
8 |
| 10 |
16 |
| 20 |
32 |
| 50 |
80 |
| 100 |
160 |
| 200 |
320 |
| 500 |
800 |
| 1,000 |
1,600 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply decimal by the figure shown.
| Marla definition |
Where |
Marla per decimal |
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) |
Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K |
1.6 |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran |
1.936 |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal |
2.108008 |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Parts of Kapurthala |
2.390123 |
| HSVP urban estate |
Haryana urban estates |
1.936 |
Decimal to Murabba
1 decimal = 0.0004 murabba on the Punjab canal colony definition; 0.00064 on the Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) definition. Murabba = Decimal × 0.0004 (Punjab canal colony) · reverse Decimal = Murabba × 2,500
| Decimal |
Murabba (Punjab canal colony) |
| 1 |
0.0004 |
| 2 |
0.0008 |
| 3 |
0.0012 |
| 5 |
0.002 |
| 10 |
0.004 |
| 20 |
0.008 |
| 50 |
0.02 |
| 100 |
0.04 |
| 200 |
0.08 |
| 500 |
0.2 |
| 1,000 |
0.4 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply decimal by the figure shown.
| Murabba definition |
Where |
Murabba per decimal |
| Punjab canal colony (the definition used here); reported, not sourced |
Punjab, Haryana canal colonies |
0.0004 |
| Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) |
Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Jaisalmer |
0.00064 |
Decimal to Square Karam
1 decimal = 14.4 square karam on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 17.424 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 18.972068 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 21.511111 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Square Karam = Decimal × 14.4 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Decimal = Square Karam ÷ 14.4
| Decimal |
Square Karam (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
| 1 |
14.4 |
| 2 |
28.8 |
| 3 |
43.2 |
| 5 |
72 |
| 10 |
144 |
| 20 |
288 |
| 50 |
720 |
| 100 |
1,440 |
| 200 |
2,880 |
| 500 |
7,200 |
| 1,000 |
14,400 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply decimal by the figure shown.
| Square Karam definition |
Where |
Square Karam per decimal |
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) |
Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K |
14.4 |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran |
17.424 |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal |
18.972068 |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam); reported, not sourced |
Parts of Kapurthala |
21.511111 |
Decimal to Ares
1 decimal = 0.40468564224 ares (exact). Ares = Decimal × 0.40468564224 · reverse Decimal = Ares ÷ 0.40468564224
| Decimal |
Ares |
| 1 |
0.40468564224 |
| 2 |
0.80937128448 |
| 3 |
1.21405692672 |
| 5 |
2.0234282112 |
| 10 |
4.0468564224 |
| 20 |
8.0937128448 |
| 50 |
20.234282112 |
| 100 |
40.468564224 |
| 200 |
80.937128448 |
| 500 |
202.34282112 |
| 1,000 |
404.68564224 |
Decimal to Ground
1 decimal = 0.1815 ground (exact). Ground = Decimal × 0.1815 · reverse Decimal = Ground ÷ 0.1815
| Decimal |
Ground |
| 1 |
0.1815 |
| 2 |
0.363 |
| 3 |
0.5445 |
| 5 |
0.9075 |
| 10 |
1.815 |
| 20 |
3.63 |
| 50 |
9.075 |
| 100 |
18.15 |
| 200 |
36.3 |
| 500 |
90.75 |
| 1,000 |
181.5 |
Decimal to Guntha
1 decimal = 0.4 guntha (exact). Guntha = Decimal × 0.4 · reverse Decimal = Guntha × 2.5
| Decimal |
Guntha |
| 1 |
0.4 |
| 2 |
0.8 |
| 3 |
1.2 |
| 5 |
2 |
| 10 |
4 |
| 20 |
8 |
| 50 |
20 |
| 100 |
40 |
| 200 |
80 |
| 500 |
200 |
| 1,000 |
400 |
Decimal to Nali
1 decimal = 0.201667 nali (recurring). Nali = Decimal × 121/600 · reverse Decimal = Nali × 600/121
| Decimal |
Nali |
| 1 |
0.201667 |
| 2 |
0.403333 |
| 3 |
0.605 |
| 5 |
1.008333 |
| 10 |
2.016667 |
| 20 |
4.033333 |
| 50 |
10.083333 |
| 100 |
20.166667 |
| 200 |
40.333333 |
| 500 |
100.833333 |
| 1,000 |
201.666667 |
Decimal to Pura
1 decimal = 0.0075625 pura (exact). Pura = Decimal × 0.0075625 · reverse Decimal = Pura ÷ 0.0075625
| Decimal |
Pura |
| 1 |
0.0075625 |
| 2 |
0.015125 |
| 3 |
0.0226875 |
| 5 |
0.0378125 |
| 10 |
0.075625 |
| 20 |
0.15125 |
| 50 |
0.378125 |
| 100 |
0.75625 |
| 200 |
1.5125 |
| 500 |
3.78125 |
| 1,000 |
7.5625 |
Decimal to Square Centimeter
1 decimal = 404,685.64224 square centimeter (exact). Square Centimeter = Decimal × 404,685.64224 · reverse Decimal = Square Centimeter ÷ 404,685.64224
| Decimal |
Square Centimeter |
| 1 |
404,685.64224 |
| 2 |
809,371.28448 |
| 3 |
1,214,056.92672 |
| 5 |
2,023,428.2112 |
| 10 |
4,046,856.4224 |
| 20 |
8,093,712.8448 |
| 50 |
20,234,282.112 |
| 100 |
40,468,564.224 |
| 200 |
80,937,128.448 |
| 500 |
202,342,821.12 |
| 1,000 |
404,685,642.24 |
Decimal to Square Inch
1 decimal = 62,726.4 square inch (exact). Square Inch = Decimal × 62,726.4 · reverse Decimal = Square Inch ÷ 62,726.4
| Decimal |
Square Inch |
| 1 |
62,726.4 |
| 2 |
125,452.8 |
| 3 |
188,179.2 |
| 5 |
313,632 |
| 10 |
627,264 |
| 20 |
1,254,528 |
| 50 |
3,136,320 |
| 100 |
6,272,640 |
| 200 |
12,545,280 |
| 500 |
31,363,200 |
| 1,000 |
62,726,400 |
Decimal to Square Kilometer
1 decimal = 0.000040468564224 square kilometer (exact). Square Kilometer = Decimal × 0.000040468564224 · reverse Decimal = Square Kilometer ÷ 0.000040468564224
| Decimal |
Square Kilometer |
| 1 |
0.000040468564224 |
| 2 |
0.000080937128448 |
| 3 |
0.000121405692672 |
| 5 |
0.00020234282112 |
| 10 |
0.00040468564224 |
| 20 |
0.00080937128448 |
| 50 |
0.0020234282112 |
| 100 |
0.0040468564224 |
| 200 |
0.0080937128448 |
| 500 |
0.020234282112 |
| 1,000 |
0.040468564224 |
Decimal to Square Mile
1 decimal = 0.000015625 square mile (exact). Square Mile = Decimal × 0.000015625 · reverse Decimal = Square Mile × 64,000
| Decimal |
Square Mile |
| 1 |
0.000015625 |
| 2 |
0.00003125 |
| 3 |
0.000046875 |
| 5 |
0.000078125 |
| 10 |
0.00015625 |
| 20 |
0.0003125 |
| 50 |
0.00078125 |
| 100 |
0.0015625 |
| 200 |
0.003125 |
| 500 |
0.0078125 |
| 1,000 |
0.015625 |
Decimal to the Units That Are the Same Area
Six of the thirty-two units are two names for one area with another, so their figures are identical to the last digit.
Decimal to Cent
1 decimal = 1 cent. They are one area of 435.6 square feet under two words, so there is no arithmetic to do: any quantity of one is the same quantity of the other. Cent = Decimal · Decimal = Cent
What separates them is which record, and which part of the country, uses the word.
Decimal to Dismil
1 decimal = 1 dismil. They are one area of 435.6 square feet under two words, so there is no arithmetic to do: any quantity of one is the same quantity of the other. Dismil = Decimal · Decimal = Dismil
What separates them is which record, and which part of the country, uses the word.
Decimal to Gajam
1 decimal = 48.4 gajam. A gajam and a gaj are the same area, 9 square feet, so any Decimal figure converts to the same number of either. Gajam = Decimal × 48.4 · reverse Decimal = Gajam ÷ 48.4
Decimal to Killa
1 decimal = 0.01 killa. A killa and an acre are the same area, 43,560 square feet, so any Decimal figure converts to the same number of either. Killa = Decimal × 0.01 · reverse Decimal = Killa × 100
Decimal to Perch
1 decimal = 1.6 perches. A perch and a marla are the same area, 272.25 square feet, so any Decimal figure converts to the same number of either. Perch = Decimal × 1.6 · reverse Decimal = Perch × 0.625
Decimal to Square Yard
1 decimal = 48.4 square yards. A square yard and a gaj are the same area, 9 square feet, so any Decimal figure converts to the same number of either. Square Yard = Decimal × 48.4 · reverse Decimal = Square Yard ÷ 48.4
The tables above are arithmetic, and for a decimal the arithmetic is the easy half. What decides whether the figure you started with is the right one to convert at all is The Decimal Is a Decimal Place.