Written and fact-checked by Aadil Saif. Arithmetic independently re-verified · Last updated September 2026
Part of the India Land Unit Converter series.
The conversion is one exact number and it takes a line. What took the work was a question the arithmetic raises and does not answer: this is the only unit in the series whose conversions almost all recur, and the one whose appearances in Indian statute, seventy-one of them opened and read, include no area of land at all. So the research went to the statute book to find out what Indian law does use it for, and to one pair of municipal rules that cap a fee per square inch of a building plan, which is the one place in that corpus where a square inch and a piece of ground meet.
1 square inch = 6.4516 square centimetres exactly = 0.00064516 square metres exactly. 144 square inches make a square foot.
| One square inch, in | Amount | Terminates? |
|---|---|---|
| Square centimetres | 6.4516 | yes |
| Square metres | 0.00064516 | yes |
| Square millimetres | 645.16 | yes |
| Square feet | 0.0069444444… | no |
| Square yards | 0.0007716049… | no |
| Ares | 0.0000064516 | yes |
| Hectares | 0.000000064516 | yes |
| Square Inch | Square Feet | Square Centimeter | Square Meter | Square Yard | Acre |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.006944 | 6.4516 | 0.00064516 | 0.000772 | 0.000000159 |
| 2 | 0.013889 | 12.9032 | 0.00129032 | 0.001543 | 0.000000319 |
| 3 | 0.020833 | 19.3548 | 0.00193548 | 0.002315 | 0.000000478 |
| 5 | 0.034722 | 32.258 | 0.0032258 | 0.003858 | 0.000000797 |
| 10 | 0.069444 | 64.516 | 0.0064516 | 0.007716 | 0.00000159 |
| 20 | 0.138889 | 129.032 | 0.0129032 | 0.015432 | 0.00000319 |
| 50 | 0.347222 | 322.58 | 0.032258 | 0.03858 | 0.00000797 |
| 100 | 0.694444 | 645.16 | 0.064516 | 0.07716 | 0.0000159 |
| 200 | 1.388889 | 1,290.32 | 0.129032 | 0.154321 | 0.0000319 |
| 500 | 3.472222 | 3,225.8 | 0.32258 | 0.385802 | 0.0000797 |
| 1,000 | 6.944444 | 6,451.6 | 0.64516 | 0.771605 | 0.000159 |
Five of the thirty-two other units in this series convert exactly from a square inch, and all five are metric. Square metre, square centimetre, square kilometre, hectare, are. Twenty-seven do not: including the square foot, which is 144 of them.
That is the ladder read the other way. On the Square Mile page thirty-one of the thirty-two come out clean and twenty-five come out as whole numbers. Same ladder, opposite ends, opposite results, and one factorisation, 144 = 2⁴ × 3², sets out why.
Three things that table does not say.
Across seventy-one Indian statutory instruments read for this page, not one uses the square inch for an area of land. The corpus holds 88 that contain the phrase; sixty-three of them, 72%, are "per square inch", measuring pressure, brightness, current density or the fineness of a sieve. Of the seventy-one read, everything that is not a rate is a small cross-section: a vent flue, a ventilating opening, a chimney, a mesh aperture, a piece of sawn timber. Either a denominator or something a few inches across, and in seventy-one instruments, never a piece of ground.
The one place it touches ground, it is measuring paper. Two sets of municipal rules cap a building-plan fee per square inch of the ground plan. One of them bounds the drawing scales, and at the coarsest site-plan scale it permits, thirty-three feet to one inch, a square inch of paper is 1,089 square feet of land, which is exactly one guntha.
And those fees are written in annas. The Coinage Act 2011 converts anna references at sixteen to a hundred units, in a provision built on the same clause as the one the Legal Metrology Act repealed for units of measurement a year earlier. Four of the five capped rates convert to figures nobody can hand over in coin.
Convert The answer, first · To square feet, metres and centimetres · The small units
Understand One hundred and forty-four · A denominator, not a quantity · Where it touches ground · The anna and the square mile · India's inch, 1956 · The inch defines, the square inch does not measure · Three mistakes
Check FAQ · Sources and method
Convert to a specific unit: Acre · Ankanam · Ares · Bigha · Biswa · Biswa Kacha · Cent · Chatak · Decimal · Dhur · Dismil · Gaj · Gajam · Ground · Guntha · Hectare · Kanal · Katha · Killa · Lessa · Marla · Murabba · Nali · Perch · Pura · Square Centimeter · Square Feet · Square Karam · Square Kilometer · Square Meter · Square Mile · Square Yard
Every one of the other thirty-two units has a section on this page. Where two units are the same area their table would be identical, so the second section points at the first rather than repeating it.
Every factor is a square inch's own size, 0.006944 square feet, divided by the target unit's. To check any row by hand, take that number, divide, and compare.
Each one comes from a single anchor, the acre at 43,560 square feet, by exact fraction arithmetic. Where a factor recurs, the formula gives the fraction rather than a rounded decimal, because a rounded factor is a wrong instruction rather than an approximate one: the fraction is what has to be carried wherever the arithmetic must close.
| Conversion | Formula | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Square Inch to Acre | Square Inch ÷ 6,272,640 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Ankanam | Square Inch ÷ 10,368 | Recurring · Ankanam is regional. This row is the Standard; also 0.000193 |
| Square Inch to Ares | Square Inch × 0.0000064516 | Exact |
| Square Inch to Bigha | Square Inch ÷ 3,920,400 | Recurring · Bigha is regional. This row is the UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.000000765, 0.00000102, 0.000000399 and 5 more |
| Square Inch to Biswa | Square Inch ÷ 196,020 | Recurring · Biswa is regional. This row is the UP / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.00000797, 0.0000153, 0.0000159 |
| Square Inch to Biswa Kacha | Square Inch ÷ 65,340 | Recurring · Biswa Kacha is regional. This row is the Punjab / Haryana revenue; also 0.00000797 |
| Square Inch to Cent | Square Inch ÷ 62,726.4 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Chatak | Square Inch ÷ 6,480 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Decimal | Square Inch ÷ 62,726.4 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Dhur | Square Inch ÷ 9,801 | Recurring · Dhur is regional. This row is the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain); also 0.001929 |
| Square Inch to Dismil | Square Inch ÷ 62,726.4 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Gaj | Square Inch ÷ 1,296 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Gajam | Square Inch ÷ 1,296 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Ground | Square Inch ÷ 345,600 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Guntha | Square Inch ÷ 156,816 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Hectare | Square Inch × 0.000000064516 | Exact |
| Square Inch to Kanal | Square Inch ÷ 784,080 | Recurring · Kanal is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.00000154, 0.00000168, 0.00000191 |
| Square Inch to Katha | Square Inch ÷ 196,020 | Recurring · Katha is regional. This row is the Bihar state standard; also 0.00000965, 0.00000241, 0.00000399 and 2 more |
| Square Inch to Killa | Square Inch ÷ 6,272,640 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Lessa | Square Inch ÷ 20,736 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Marla | Square Inch ÷ 39,204 | Recurring · Marla is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.0000309, 0.0000336, 0.0000381 and 1 more |
| Square Inch to Murabba | Square Inch ÷ 156,816,000 | Recurring · Murabba is regional. This row is the Punjab canal colony; also 0.0000000102 |
| Square Inch to Nali | Square Inch ÷ 311,040 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Perch | Square Inch ÷ 39,204 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Pura | Square Inch ÷ 8,294,400 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Square Centimeter | Square Inch × 6.4516 | Exact |
| Square Inch to Square Feet | Square Inch ÷ 144 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Square Karam | Square Inch ÷ 4,356 | Recurring · Square Karam is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.000278, 0.000302, 0.000343 |
| Square Inch to Square Kilometer | Square Inch × 0.00000000064516 | Exact |
| Square Inch to Square Meter | Square Inch × 0.00064516 | Exact |
| Square Inch to Square Mile | Square Inch ÷ 4,014,489,600 | Recurring |
| Square Inch to Square Yard | Square Inch ÷ 1,296 | Recurring |
A square foot is 144 square inches. 144 = 2⁴ × 3². Which way those threes point decides everything.
Going up from a square inch you are multiplying. The square mile is 27,878,400 square feet = 2¹⁰ × 3² × 5² × 11², the acre 43,560 = 2³ × 3² × 5 × 11², the guntha 1,089 = 3² × 11². Every three and every eleven those units carry sits in the numerator, where a decimal expansion does not care about it. That is why the Square Mile page finds thirty-one of thirty-two conversions terminating and twenty-five of them whole.
Coming down to a square inch you are dividing. The same threes and elevens land in the denominator, and a decimal terminates only when its denominator has no prime factor except 2 and 5. So:
| One square inch is | Exact fraction | Decimal |
|---|---|---|
| Square feet | 1 ⁄ 144 = 1 ⁄ (2⁴ × 3²) | 0.0069444444… |
| Square yards | 1 ⁄ 1,296 = 1 ⁄ (2⁴ × 3⁴) | 0.0007716049… |
| Gunthas | 1 ⁄ 156,816 = 1 ⁄ (2⁴ × 3⁴ × 11²) | 0.0000063769… |
| Acres | 1 ⁄ 6,272,640 | 0.0000001594225079… |
Twenty-seven of the thirty-two other units recur, and across all sixty-two regional definitions the series records, fifty-seven do. The five that survive are the five that were never built on threes and elevens at all: square metre, square centimetre, square kilometre, hectare and are. They come out clean because the inch has been exactly 25.4 millimetres, so 0.0254 squared is 0.00064516, a decimal that stops.
That inverts the rule that holds on most pages of this site. Elsewhere in the series the imperial-derived units convert into metric exactly and the metric ones recur going back. Here the metric conversions are the only exact ones, and every traditional Indian unit recurs. The mechanism that produces both results from one definition is worked out with the metre, and this page does not repeat it.
Nothing, if you are converting a real quantity. A square inch is 0.00694 square feet and two decimals of that are more than any fitting or aperture will ever turn on. The recurrence matters in one situation: a chain, where a square-inch figure goes to feet, then to yards, then to a traditional unit. Every step cuts a decimal that does not end, and cutting the same way at every step accumulates.
If you are doing that, convert to square metres or square centimetres first, both exact, and come out of metric at the end. It is the same advice the hectare attracts for the opposite reason, and here it costs nothing on the way in: every metric conversion from a square inch is exact, and only the return journey recurs.
Search the Acts, rules and regulations indexed on Indian Kanoon for the square inch and 88 documents come back. Seventy-one of them were opened and read, the host refused the eighth page of results, so seventeen were not, and everything below describes the seventy-one. Not one of them uses the unit to state an area of land, and the classification is not close:
| What the square inch is doing | Instruments |
|---|---|
| Pressure, the dominant use | "tested to a pressure of 100 pounds per square inch" (Mormugao Port Rules 1966, r.22) · "30 lbs. per square inch" (Madras Port Petroleum Rules 1963, r.15) · "shall not exceed 70 lbs per square inch" (Assam, Bihar, U.P., M.P. and Orissa Factories Rules) · "not less than 250 lb. per square inch" (the Cinemas (Regulation) Rules of Punjab, Orissa, Meghalaya and M.P., in nearly identical words) |
| Luminance | "a lighting fitting having a brightness greater than 10 candles per square inch shall be visible to persons whilst normally employed within 100 feet" (Bihar and Orissa Factories Rules; the Punjab version carries the same rate and states the distance in metres) |
| Current density | "density in any conductor shall not exceed 1,000 amps, per square inch" (M.P. Cinemas (Regulation) Rules 1972, r.39) |
| Fineness of a sieve | "particles retained on screen of sixty four meshes to the Square Inch" and "a sieve having one hundred forty four meshes to the square inch" (General Specification and Conditions of Contract, s.25) |
| Small cross-sections | a vent flue of "minimum sectional area of 50 square inches" (Assam and Meghalaya Cinemas Rules, r.40) · "at least 10 square inches of ventilating openings" (Police Regulations, Bengal, 1943, s.701) · "wire mesh protection of not more than one square inch" (Private Security Agencies Rules 2018, r.11) · timber of "nine square inches sectional area" (Management and Working of the Forests) · a chimney "not less than 100 square inches" (Orissa Municipal Rules 1953, s.540) |
Sixty-three of the eighty-eight, 71.6%, are the phrase "per square inch," and of the seventy-one read, everything that is not a rate is the fifth row: a sectional area of a few square inches, which is the square inch used as a quantity but never as a quantity of land. (Twenty-five of the eighty-eight are not the phrase "per square inch"; up to seventeen of those twenty-five are among the documents that were not opened, so that residue is not classified here.)
Set the unit beside its nearest neighbour in the Supreme Court corpus and the gap is wider than any of that: 4 documents contain "square inch" against 179 containing "square feet", a ratio of exactly 44.75 to one.
One sentence carries both units. Police Regulations, Bengal, 1943, s.701:
"a prisoner shall have not less than 9 square feet of sleeping space and at least 10 square inches of ventilating openings."
Floor in square feet, opening in square inches, 129.6 times apart, in one sentence. Neither unit is doing the other's job, and that is the pattern across the seventy-one.
What this measurement does not show, said because the number invites over-reading. It counts documents, not mentions. It counts the lemma, because Indian Kanoon lemmatises quoted phrases and "square inch" and "square inches" both return the same 88. It covers Acts, rules and regulations as that database indexes them, not records of rights, which are not in it, and not the judgment corpus, which was counted here and not read. And seventeen of the eighty-eight were not opened. The claim this page makes is that no land area in square inches was found across the seventy-one instruments read. It is not a claim that none exists.
There is a single exception in the corpus read for this page. Search it for "per square inch of the ground plan" and three documents come back, being two instruments.
Orissa Municipal Rules, 1953, s.529(2), as substituted by H.U.D. Department Notification No. 21975 of 7 August 1981:
"For the complete plans required under Rule 526 the rate of fee shall not exceed eight annas per square inch of the ground plan, if the building be one storied, and ten annas per square inch if the building be two or three storied, provided that the fee shall not be less than one rupee and shall not exceed five rupees. In the case of the huts, boundary walls, or similar structures the rate to be charged shall not exceed two annas per square inch subject to a maximum of Rs. 2…"
Rules under section 15 of the Bihar Itki Tuberculosis Sanatorium (Regulation of Buildings) Act, 1951, r.2:
"For, the complete plans required under Rule 1, the rate of fee shall not exceed four annas per square inch, of the ground plan, if the building be one-storied, and five annas per square inch, if the building be two-or three-storied, provided that the fee shall not be less than one rupee and shall not exceed three rupees."
The square inch here is a square inch of paper, and both rules say so in the sentence before the rate. Bihar r.2: plans "may be prepared by or under the supervision of a draftsman authorised by the Sanatorium Local Authority for the purpose on payment of the fees prescribed below". Orissa s.529(1): plans "may be prepared by or under the supervision of a Draftsman [or a registered Architect duly authorised by the Council] on payment of the fees prescribed hereafter". In both, the fee buys the drawing. It is charged on the sheet, not on the building, and the size of the sheet is a function of the scale.
What makes this more than a curiosity is that the Bihar rules bound the scales in the immediately preceding rule. Rule 1(1) requires:
"(i) a site plan of the land on a scale of not less than thirty-three feet to one inch showing all adjacent premises and roads… (ii) a ground plan on a scale of not less than eight feet to one inch showing all existing and projected buildings… (iii) an elevation or vertical section of every projected structure on a scale of not less than four feet to one inch"
Read the words "not less than" before going further. They make each figure a bound, not a fixed scale, and on the ordinary drafting sense, a scale of not less than X is a scale at least as detailed as X, thirty-three feet to one inch is the coarsest site plan the rule will accept. A compliant plan may be drawn finer, at twenty feet to the inch or ten, and then a square inch of it is 400 square feet or 100. So what follows is the value at the limit the rule sets, not the value on any particular sheet:
| Drawing | Coarsest scale permitted | Ratio | At that limit, one square inch of paper is |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site plan | 33 ft to 1 in | 1:396 | 1,089 sq ft, exactly one guntha |
| Ground plan | 8 ft to 1 in | 1:96 | 64 sq ft |
| Elevation | 4 ft to 1 in | 1:48 | 16 sq ft |
33 × 33 = 1,089, and 1,089 square feet is the guntha, a 33-foot square, which is where the guntha comes from. That figure and the forty-to-the-acre rule are sourced with the guntha; this page does not restate them. Thirty-three feet is also half a Gunter's chain, which is worked out at the top of the ladder.
Neither rule mentions a guntha, and no claim is made that anybody intended one. The identity is arithmetic on the rule's own limiting figure, and at that limit it is exact.
The Square Mile page has the same relationship at the other end of the ladder: at one inch to one mile (1:63,360) a square inch of a Survey of India sheet is a square mile of ground. The two are the same trick at different scales, 160 times apart, and between them they span the range from a survey sheet to a building plan.
Every figure in these rules is a ceiling, "the rate of fee shall not exceed four annas per square inch", so what follows is the most a Bihar sanatorium authority could charge, at the coarsest ground plan it could accept. It is not what anybody was charged, and no record of an actual demand under either rule was found.
At eight feet to the inch a square inch is 64 square feet, so four annas per square inch is at most four annas per 64 square feet, one anna for every 16 square feet of footprint. The floor of one rupee (16 annas) would be reached at 4 square inches of drawing, which is 256 square feet of building; the ceiling of three rupees (48 annas) at 12 square inches, which is 768 square feet. Beyond 768 square feet the rate can add nothing, because the three-rupee ceiling has already bound.
A second limit, stated. The Orissa rule prices per square inch of the ground plan and fixes no scale at all for that plan, neither in its own words nor, as indexed, in rules 526 and 528. So the Orissa fee's relation to ground area cannot be computed and no figure for it is given here. On its face it depends on how large the draftsman chose to draw.
Those ceilings are in annas, sixteen to the rupee, a subunit India stopped minting more than sixty years ago. So what does a rule capping a fee at eight annas per square inch mean today?
For the annas, Parliament answers. Coinage Act, 2011 (11 of 2011), s.7:
"(1) The rupee shall be divided into one hundred units and any such unit may be designated by the Government, by notification, under such name as it thinks fit.
(2) All references in any enactment or in any notification, rule or order under any enactment or in any contract, deed or other instrument to any value expressed in annas, paisa and pies shall be construed as references to that value expressed in units referred to in sub-section (1) converted thereto at the rate of sixteen anna, sixty-four paise or one hundred and ninety-two pies to one hundred units."
Now set that beside section 79(2) of the Standards of Weights and Measures Act, 1976. The provision the Square Mile page is built on, and which the Legal Metrology Act 2009 repealed with effect from 1 April 2011:
"All references in any enactment or in any notification, rule or order made under any enactment, or in any contract, deed or other instruments … to a value expressed in terms of any unit of weight, measure or numeration other than that of a standard unit … shall be construed as references to that value expressed in terms of standard units … converted at the rates specified in the Schedule."
Set the subject matter aside and they are the same clause. The same list of instruments, enactment, notification, rule, order, contract, deed. The same operative words: shall be construed as references to that value expressed in. The same conversion at a stated rate. One deals in units of measurement and the other in units of currency, and the drafting is otherwise interchangeable.
One of them was repealed with effect from 1 April 2011. The other came into force on 28 March 2012, three hundred and sixty-two days later.
So the phrase "eight annas per square inch of the ground plan" now divides in two. The annas convert by force of statute. The square inch does not: section 79(2) was repealed, and no equivalent was found anywhere in the Legal Metrology Act 2009 as read. Its section 5 gives seven base units, section 11 forbids expressing a dimension otherwise than in standard units, and section 12 voids a custom that lets someone take short measure. None of those tells a reader what a non-metric unit in an existing rule means, and the Square Mile page takes that argument in full. Half of one phrase in one municipal rule has a statutory conversion; half of it has arithmetic.
Section 7(2) sets sixteen annas to one hundred units, the word section 7(1) uses, the unit being whatever the Government designates by notification, which is the paisa. So one anna is exactly 6.25 units, a quarter of a unit short of a whole one. Apply that to the five capped rates:
| Rule and capped rate | In units | A whole number of units, at or above the smallest coin? |
|---|---|---|
| Orissa, huts and boundary walls, 2 annas | 12.5 | No |
| Bihar Itki, one storey, 4 annas | 25 | No |
| Bihar Itki, two or three storeys, 5 annas | 31.25 | No |
| Orissa, one storey, 8 annas | 50 | Yes, exactly the minimum coin |
| Orissa, two or three storeys, 10 annas | 62.5 | No |
Coins of 25 paise and below ceased to be legal tender with effect from 30 June 2011, by a Central Government notification of 20 December 2010 issued under section 15A of the Coinage Act 1906. Fifty paise is the smallest denomination acceptable in a transaction.
So four of the five converted rates are figures nobody can hand over. Three of them (two annas, five annas and ten annas) are not even whole units. Only Orissa's eight-anna one-storey rate survives, and it lands precisely on the smallest coin India still accepts.
Say what that does and does not mean. A rate is a multiplier, not a payment: four annas per square inch across two square inches is eight annas, which is fifty paise and tenderable. And both rules impose a floor of one rupee, so no demand under either can ever be smaller than a hundred units. What the arithmetic shows is not that the fees are unpayable but that the rate has stopped being the operative number, between a one-rupee floor and a three- or five-rupee ceiling there is very little room for a per-square-inch figure to do any work at all.
This page reads the instruments as they are indexed and does not advise on any particular fee demand. Whether either set of rules remains in force, and what a municipality charges today, are questions for that municipality.
Everything on this page rests on the inch being exactly 25.4 millimetres, and on an Indian page that is worth one question: what makes it true here?
The usual answer is the international yard and pound agreement of 1959, which fixed the yard at 0.9144 metre and the inch at 25.4 millimetres. Whatever India's relationship to that agreement, a question this research did not settle and this page does not assert either way, it was not the mechanism. From the scanned Standards of Weights and Measures Bill, 1956 as introduced, the copy held in the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics archive, the First Schedule reads:
"1 inch = 0·0254 metre (exact)" "1 foot = 0·3048 metre (exact)" "1 yard = 0·9144 metre (exact)" "1 mile = 1609·344 metres (exact)"
The values are the ones agreed internationally in 1959, and the Bill is of 1956.
How firm that is, before anything is concluded from it. The scan is of the Bill as introduced (a draft, not law), and India Code's endpoint for repealed central Acts returned a server error throughout this research, so the enacted First Schedule was not read. That the Act carried the same figures is a strong inference; that the Bill carried them is an observation.
On that footing the claim this page makes is a narrow one: an Indian legislative draft put the inch at 0.0254 metre, and marked it exact, three years before the international agreement did. Whether the Act followed the draft, and what India's standing under the 1959 agreement is, are both open here.
A small thing worth noticing. The 1976 Schedule prints the same values ("1 inch = 0.025 4 metre", "1 square inch = 0.000 645 16 square metre"), and drops the word (exact). The 1956 draftsman told the reader the figure was not a rounding. The 1976 draftsman did not, and a reader who has only ever seen the 1976 table has no way to tell that entry apart from the ones on the same page that are roundings, of which there is at least one, as the Square Mile page shows.
Every rod in this thirty-three-unit series is stated in inches:
| Rod | Inches | Square feet when squared | The unit that is |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard karam | 66 | 30.25 | the square karam, or sarsahi |
| Majha karam | 60 | 25 | the Majha square karam |
| Doaba karam | 57.5 | 22.9600694444… | the Doaba square karam |
| Kapurthala karam | 54 | 20.25 | the Kapurthala square karam |
| Ilahi gaz | 33 | 7.5625 | the square gaz the bigha was laid out in |
| English rod, pole or perch | 198 | 272.25 | the perch, and the standard marla |
The Square Karam and Kanal pages hold the karam belts, their districts and their evidence grades; the Gaj and Bigha pages hold the ilahi gaz; the Square Mile and Perch pages hold the English rod. This page cites all six and restates none.
What it adds is the contrast. The inch is the unit in which Indian land measurement is defined. Square a rod stated in inches and you get an area unit that is used: the standard karam gives the sarsahi, the English rod gives the perch and the standard marla to the digit. And the square inch, in the seventy-one Indian statutory instruments read for this page, never measures a piece of land.
A warning the page owes the reader, because it nearly caught this page out. The ilahi gaz is 33 inches and squares to 7.5625 square feet. The guntha is a 33-foot square and is 1,089 square feet. Same number, different unit, 144 times apart, and it is the same 33 that appears in the site-plan scale above. Three different quantities on this page carry a 33 and none of them is another.
The reason is scale. A square inch is 0.00694 square feet. The smallest unit any Indian record of rights in this series is written in is the gaj at nine square feet (1,296 square inches), and the smallest traditional revenue unit is the square karam at 30.25 square feet, 4,356 square inches. Go below even those, to the Bihar dhurki that this series recorded as a sub-unit rather than one of the thirty-three, and you are still at 3.403125 square feet: 490.05 square inches.
So the square inch is somewhere between a 490th and a 4,356th of the smallest things Indian records are written in. A unit that small does not get used to measure land. It gets used to divide by, or to state the size of a hole, which between them is what all seventy-one instruments read for this page do with it.
Square centimetres = Square inches × 6.4516 · reverse Square inches = Square centimetres ÷ 6.4516
| One square inch is | Value | Terminates? |
|---|---|---|
| Square centimetres | 6.4516 | yes |
| Square millimetres | 645.16 | yes |
| Square metres | 0.00064516 | yes |
| Square feet | 0.0069444444… | no |
| Square yards | 0.0007716049… | no |
| Ares | 0.0000064516 | yes |
Use the centimetre relation. Multiplying by 6.4516 is exact and it is the unit a caliper and a drawing are already in. Going back divides by 6.4516 and recurs, 1 cm² is 0.1550003100006… square inches, so do the division once and keep the metric figure.
The square-foot relation is a division by 144 and it recurs. 1/144 is 0.00694 recurring; the reverse, 144, is exact. That asymmetry is the whole of this unit's behaviour in one line: whole numbers going up, recurring decimals coming down.
One unit in this series sits below a square inch: the square centimetre, 6.4516 of them to the square inch, exactly.
Above it, every conversion into a non-metric unit recurs. The metric ones do not, for the reason set out above. The counts a reader is most likely to want are these, and in this direction they are all whole: 144 square inches to a square foot, 1,296 to a square yard, 156,816 to a guntha, 39,204 to a marla, 6,272,640 to an acre, and 4,014,489,600 to a square mile, every one of them a whole number in that direction, and every one of them a recurring decimal in reverse.
That last figure is 63,360 squared, which is not a coincidence: a mile is 63,360 inches, so at one inch to one mile a square inch of paper is a square mile of ground. The Square Mile page takes that.
Most conversions out of a square inch recur, so an ellipsis is doing more work on this page than on any other in the series. Where one appears, the decimal genuinely never ends and the digits before it are truncated at the cut, never rounded up into it.
And on a unit this small a truncation looks free and is not. Stop the square-foot figure at six decimals, 0.006944, and you have dropped exactly 1⁄2,250,000 of a square foot, or 0.000000444444…, on every square inch. Multiply by the 6,272,640 square inches in an acre and it comes to 2.78784 square feet.
Using 6.45 instead of 6.4516. The exact value has four decimals and all four are real. 6.45 is low by 0.0016 cm² per square inch (one part in 4,032), and on a square metre's worth of square inches that comes to 2.48 cm². Trivial once; not trivial in a chain, and there is no reason to accept it when the exact figure is four digits long.
Converting a square-inch figure to a traditional unit in steps. Square inch → square foot → square yard → guntha cuts a non-terminating decimal three times, because every step divides by a number carrying threes. Whether each cut goes up or down depends on the digits, so the errors do not reliably cancel and may not reliably compound either, which is worse than a bias, because it is unpredictable. Go through square centimetres or square metres, which are exact, and convert out of metric at the end.
Reading a fee or a specification "per square inch" as an area. It is a rate. "Ten candles per square inch", "1,000 amps per square inch", "eight annas per square inch of the ground plan", in each of those the square inch is the thing being divided by, and in the last one it is a square inch of a drawing, not of a building. Establish what the square inch is of before converting it.
How many square inches in a square foot? Exactly 144: twelve inches by twelve. And 1,296 in a square yard, which is 144 × 9.
How many square centimetres in a square inch? 6.4516, exactly, because an inch is exactly 25.4 millimetres and 2.54² is 6.4516. Going the other way divides by it and recurs: 1 cm² is 0.1550003100006… square inches.
How many square metres in a square inch? 0.00064516, exactly. Reverse: 1,550.0031000062… square inches to the square metre, recurring.
Why does a square inch not convert cleanly into square feet? Because 144 is 2⁴ × 3², and going from square inches to square feet puts that 3² in the denominator. A decimal terminates only when its denominator has no prime factor except 2 and 5, so 1/144 = 0.0069444… never stops. Going the other way, square feet to square inches, is a multiplication by 144 and always gives a whole number.
Which conversions from a square inch are exact? Five of the thirty-two, and all five are metric: square centimetre, square metre, are, hectare and square kilometre. The other twenty-seven recur. Read the same ladder from the far end and it inverts: on the Square Mile page, thirty-one of thirty-two terminate.
Is the square inch used in Indian land records? No instance was found. Seventy-one Indian statutory instruments were read for this page and not one states a land area in square inches; sixty-three of the eighty-eight in the corpus are the phrase "per square inch", and among the seventy-one read, everything that is not a rate is a cross-section a few inches across. Records of rights are not in that database and were not searched, so the answer is bounded to the statutes read.
Then why does an Indian rule charge a fee per square inch? Because it is charging for a drawing. Two municipal instruments, Orissa Municipal Rules 1953 s.529 and the Bihar Itki Sanatorium rules, cap a fee for having the plans prepared, at so many annas per square inch of the ground plan. The square inch is of the paper.
What is a square inch of a site plan worth in land? It depends entirely on the scale, and only the Bihar rules bound one. They require a site plan "on a scale of not less than thirty-three feet to one inch" (a limit, not a fixed scale), and at that limit a square inch of paper is 1,089 square feet, exactly one guntha. Drawn finer, as the rule allows, it is less. At the ground-plan limit of eight feet to one inch it is 64 square feet.
Is "eight annas per square inch" still a valid rate? The annas convert: section 7(2) of the Coinage Act 2011 reads references to annas as units at sixteen to a hundred, so eight annas is fifty units, exactly the smallest coin India still accepts. Four of the five capped rates convert to figures nobody can hand over in coin: two annas is 12.5, four is 25, five is 31.25, ten is 62.5, and coins of 25 paise and below ceased to be legal tender on 30 June 2011. That does not make the fees unpayable (a rate is a multiplier, and both rules impose a one-rupee floor), but it does mean the per-square-inch figure has very little room left to do any work.
Is the Indian inch the international inch? The values are the same, and the 1959 international yard and pound agreement was not how they got here: the First Schedule to the Standards of Weights and Measures Bill, 1956 already gave "1 inch = 0·0254 metre (exact)", three years earlier. Two limits on that: this page relies on the Bill as introduced, the Act's own Schedule being unretrievable, and India's standing under the 1959 agreement was not established either way.
How many square inches in an acre? 6,272,640, exactly, 43,560 × 144. And 4,014,489,600 in a square mile, which is 63,360 squared.
Statutes, rules and one Bill. Every quotation below was read in a text of the instrument rather than in a description of it, with two exceptions marked in place: the 1956 material is a Bill, not an Act, and the Coinage Act 1906 section number is taken from a government press release.
The 25-paise cessation is from the Press Information Bureau release "50 Paise Coins to be Minimum Denomination Coin Acceptable for Transaction from June 30, 2011", which states the notification date of 20 December 2010 and the power exercised. It is a government release rather than the gazette text; the gazette notification itself was not retrieved.
How the eighty-eight were counted and classified. This page does something the rest of the series does not: it reads a corpus in order to argue about what a unit is for, which needs the instruments themselves and not merely their number. Every count was run on Indian Kanoon on 10 September 2026 against two controls, a nonsense term under the same filter returns nothing, and the statutory-corpus figure (88) differs from the unfiltered one (209), so the filter is applied and not silently ignored. Quoted phrases are lemmatised by that engine, which is why "square inch" and "square inches" return the same 88; each figure counts documents carrying the lemma, not occurrences of a string.
Seventy-one of the eighty-eight were opened and read into the five classes in the table above. Seventeen were not, the host's bot protection having refused the eighth page of results, and every sentence about what the square inch is used for is bounded to the seventy-one. That bound is the reason this page says "none was found" rather than "none exists."
Arithmetic, and the one thing it had to prove. This page's central claim is not a value but a census: that exactly five of thirty-two conversions terminate and that all five are metric. A census cannot be written from the five the prose happens to name, so it is computed over the whole registry. Every unit's size is held as a ratio of whole integers, the ratio is reduced, and its denominator is stripped of twos and fives; whatever is left decides. The same routine produces the five-of-sixty-two figure across regional definitions, and the mirror figures quoted from the Square Mile page's end of the ladder are recomputed here rather than copied.
An ellipsis on this page marks a decimal with no last digit, and what precedes it is truncated at the cut, never rounded up into it. Where a figure is given to a stated number of places with no ellipsis it is an ordinary rounding and stops there: 2.48 cm², 71.6% and 72%, 0.00694 square feet, the 4,032 in "one part in 4,032" (exactly 4,032.25), and the "490th" that stands for 490.05. Three figures on this page are not roundings and should not be read as any: 6.4516 and 0.00064516 are exact and simply short, and the 44.75-to-one Supreme Court ratio is 179 ÷ 4 exactly.
The conversion core below this argument was generated from the same stored ratios and then re-derived, cell by cell, by a second program that did not write it.
Computed here, stated in no source, and flagged at each point of use: the 1,089-square-foot value of a square inch at the coarsest site-plan scale Bihar r.1(1) permits, and its identity with the guntha, neither of which either rule states; the 64 and 16 square feet at the other two scales; the one-anna-per-16-square-feet maximum and the 256 and 768 square foot footprints at which the Bihar floor and ceiling would be reached at that maximum; the unit equivalents of all five capped anna rates; the 71.6% share of "per square inch" uses; and every entry in the factorisation table.
Searched for and not found, and asserted nowhere. Any Indian instrument stating a land area in square inches, none across the 71 read, and the page claims only that · the scale at which an Orissa municipal ground plan must be drawn, so no ground-area figure is given for that fee · the schedule of standards to the Bombay Weights and Measures Act, 1932, which a search result shows defines "The Inch = 1/36th yard" and lists area units beginning with the square yard, and whose text could not be retrieved · the 1956 Act's First Schedule as passed, India Code's repealed-Act endpoint having returned a server error throughout · whether either set of municipal rules remains in force today, a 1981 substitution being the most recent change visible in the indexed Orissa text.
On the sibling pages. The Square Mile page owns the 1976 Schedule, the rod and the one-inch-to-the-mile geometry; the Guntha page owns the guntha's 1,089 square feet; the Square Karam and Kanal pages own the karam belts; the Gaj and Bigha pages own the ilahi gaz; the Square Metre page owns the exactness mechanism; the metric unit below this one is taken separately. All are cited here and none is restated.
| Conversion | 1 Square Inch | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Acre | 0.000000159 | Recurring; Exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd |
| Ankanam | 0.0000965 (Standard) | Region-specific; also 0.000193 (Tirupati) |
| Ares | 0.0000064516 | Exact; 100 m², the metric are |
| Bigha | 0.000000255 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) | Region-specific; also 0.000000765 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa)) · 0.00000102 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills) · 0.000000399 (Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai) |
| Biswa | 0.00000510 (UP / Rajasthan pucca) | Region-specific; also 0.00000797 (Rajasthan kachha) · 0.0000153 (Punjab / Haryana old records) · 0.0000159 (Himachal Pradesh) |
| Biswa Kacha | 0.0000153 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition) | Region-specific; also 0.00000797 (Rajasthan kachha reading) |
| Cent | 0.0000159 | Recurring; One hundredth of an acre, exactly |
| Chatak | 0.000154 | Recurring; 5 sq yd exactly; 16 to the cottah, 968 to the acre. Reported, not stated by any instrument located |
| Decimal | 0.0000159 | Recurring; One hundredth of an acre, exactly |
| Dhur | 0.000102 (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) | Region-specific; also 0.001929 (Tripura) |
| Dismil | 0.0000159 | Recurring; The decimal under another name |
| Gaj | 0.000772 | Recurring; The square yard, 9 sq ft |
| Gajam | 0.000772 | Recurring; The square yard in Telugu, 9 sq ft |
| Ground | 0.00000289 | Recurring; Tamil Nadu Urban Land Tax Act 1966, s.2(8-A): "an area comprising two hundred and twenty three square metres (two thousand and four hundred square feet)" |
| Guntha | 0.00000638 | Recurring; 121 sq yd; 40 guntha = 1 acre exactly |
| Hectare | 0.000000064516 | Exact; 10,000 m² exactly |
| Kanal | 0.00000128 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.00000154 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.00000168 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.00000191 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Katha | 0.00000510 (Bihar state standard) | Region-specific; also 0.00000965 (West Bengal / Jharkhand) · 0.00000241 (Assam) · 0.00000399 (Bihar (Chhapra)) |
| Killa | 0.000000159 | Recurring; The acre under its Punjabi name |
| Lessa | 0.0000482 | Recurring; The 12-foot mauzadari jar squared (Assam Land Records Manual r.117); 20 to a katha, 100 to a bigha |
| Marla | 0.0000255 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.0000309 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.0000336 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.0000381 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Murabba | 0.00000000638 (Punjab canal colony) | Region-specific; also 0.0000000102 (Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal)) |
| Nali | 0.00000322 | Recurring; 240 sq yd; 16 mutthi of 135 sq ft. No instrument located states the figure |
| Perch | 0.0000255 | Recurring; 30.25 sq yd; 160 perches = 1 acre |
| Pura | 0.000000121 | Recurring; 4 Assam bigha of 14,400 sq ft. The 4:1 ratio is SOURCED -- the Supreme Court states it in 1961 and 1971 and the Gauhati High Court in 1986, 2023, 2024 and 2026 -- but no instrument, judgment or manual states the square-foot figure, which is derived from the Assam bigha |
| Square Centimeter | 6.4516 | Exact; One ten-thousandth of a square metre |
| Square Feet | 0.006944 | Recurring; The base of this series |
| Square Karam | 0.000230 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.000278 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.000302 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.000343 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Square Kilometer | 0.00000000064516 | Exact; 1,000,000 m² |
| Square Meter | 0.00064516 | Exact; The SI unit of area |
| Square Mile | 0.000000000249 | Recurring; Standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976, Schedule (see s.79): "1 square mile = 2 589 988.110 336 square metres"; 640 acres exactly |
| Square Yard | 0.000772 | Recurring; 9 sq ft exactly |
1 square inch = 0.000000159 acres, recurring. An acre is exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd.
Acre = Square Inch ÷ 6,272,640
| Square Inch | Acre |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000000159 |
| 2 | 0.000000319 |
| 3 | 0.000000478 |
| 5 | 0.000000797 |
| 10 | 0.00000159 |
| 20 | 0.00000319 |
| 50 | 0.00000797 |
| 100 | 0.0000159 |
| 200 | 0.0000319 |
| 500 | 0.0000797 |
| 1,000 | 0.000159 |
5 square inches ÷ 6,272,640 = 0.000000797 acres
Square Inch = Acre × 6,272,640
1 square inch = 0.0000064516 ares, exact. An are is 100 m², the metric are.
The ratio is the fraction 16,129/2,500,000,000, or 0.0000064516 exactly.
Ares = Square Inch × 0.0000064516
| Square Inch | Ares |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000064516 |
| 2 | 0.0000129032 |
| 3 | 0.0000193548 |
| 5 | 0.000032258 |
| 10 | 0.000064516 |
| 20 | 0.000129032 |
| 50 | 0.00032258 |
| 100 | 0.00064516 |
| 200 | 0.00129032 |
| 500 | 0.0032258 |
| 1,000 | 0.0064516 |
5 square inches × 0.0000064516 = 0.000032258 ares
Square Inch = Ares ÷ 0.0000064516
1 square inch = 0.000000064516 hectares, exact. A hectare is 10,000 m² exactly.
The ratio is the fraction 16,129/250,000,000,000, or 0.000000064516 exactly.
Hectare = Square Inch × 0.000000064516
| Square Inch | Hectare |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000000064516 |
| 2 | 0.000000129032 |
| 3 | 0.000000193548 |
| 5 | 0.00000032258 |
| 10 | 0.00000064516 |
| 20 | 0.00000129032 |
| 50 | 0.0000032258 |
| 100 | 0.0000064516 |
| 200 | 0.0000129032 |
| 500 | 0.000032258 |
| 1,000 | 0.000064516 |
5 square inches × 0.000000064516 = 0.00000032258 hectares
Square Inch = Hectare ÷ 0.000000064516
1 square inch = 6.4516 square centimetres, exact. A square centimetre is one ten-thousandth of a square metre.
The ratio is the fraction 16,129/2,500, or 6.4516 exactly.
Square Centimeter = Square Inch × 6.4516
| Square Inch | Square Centimeter |
|---|---|
| 1 | 6.4516 |
| 2 | 12.9032 |
| 3 | 19.3548 |
| 5 | 32.258 |
| 10 | 64.516 |
| 20 | 129.032 |
| 50 | 322.58 |
| 100 | 645.16 |
| 200 | 1,290.32 |
| 500 | 3,225.8 |
| 1,000 | 6,451.6 |
5 square inches × 6.4516 = 32.258 square centimetres
Square Inch = Square Centimeter ÷ 6.4516
1 square inch = 0.006944 square feet, recurring. A square foot is the base of this series.
144 square inches to the square foot. The square inch matters in Indian land work almost only through the karam, which is defined in inches (66, 60, 57.5 or 54), and squared to give the sarsahi.
Where the square foot fits into the square inch's own record is set out in Square Inch to Square Feet, Square Metre and Square Centimetre above; what follows is the arithmetic.
Square Feet = Square Inch ÷ 144
| Square Inch | Square Feet |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.006944 |
| 2 | 0.013889 |
| 3 | 0.020833 |
| 5 | 0.034722 |
| 10 | 0.069444 |
| 20 | 0.138889 |
| 50 | 0.347222 |
| 100 | 0.694444 |
| 200 | 1.388889 |
| 500 | 3.472222 |
| 1,000 | 6.944444 |
5 square inches ÷ 144 = 0.034722 square feet
Square Inch = Square Feet × 144
1 square inch = 0.00000000064516 square kilometres, exact. A square kilometre is 1,000,000 m².
The ratio is the fraction 16,129/25,000,000,000,000, or 0.00000000064516 exactly.
Square Kilometer = Square Inch × 0.00000000064516
| Square Inch | Square Kilometer |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000000064516 |
| 2 | 0.00000000129032 |
| 3 | 0.00000000193548 |
| 5 | 0.0000000032258 |
| 10 | 0.0000000064516 |
| 20 | 0.0000000129032 |
| 50 | 0.000000032258 |
| 100 | 0.000000064516 |
| 200 | 0.000000129032 |
| 500 | 0.00000032258 |
| 1,000 | 0.00000064516 |
5 square inches × 0.00000000064516 = 0.0000000032258 square kilometres
Square Inch = Square Kilometer ÷ 0.00000000064516
1 square inch = 0.00064516 square metres, exact. A square metre is the SI unit of area.
The ratio is the fraction 16,129/25,000,000, or 0.00064516 exactly.
Square Meter = Square Inch × 0.00064516
| Square Inch | Square Meter |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00064516 |
| 2 | 0.00129032 |
| 3 | 0.00193548 |
| 5 | 0.0032258 |
| 10 | 0.0064516 |
| 20 | 0.0129032 |
| 50 | 0.032258 |
| 100 | 0.064516 |
| 200 | 0.129032 |
| 500 | 0.32258 |
| 1,000 | 0.64516 |
5 square inches × 0.00064516 = 0.0032258 square metres
Square Inch = Square Meter ÷ 0.00064516
1 square inch = 0.000000000249 square miles, recurring. A square mile is standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976, Schedule (see s.79): "1 square mile = 2 589 988.110 336 square metres"; 640 acres exactly.
Square Mile = Square Inch ÷ 4,014,489,600
| Square Inch | Square Mile |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000000000249 |
| 2 | 0.000000000498 |
| 3 | 0.000000000747 |
| 5 | 0.00000000125 |
| 10 | 0.00000000249 |
| 20 | 0.00000000498 |
| 50 | 0.0000000125 |
| 100 | 0.0000000249 |
| 200 | 0.0000000498 |
| 500 | 0.000000125 |
| 1,000 | 0.000000249 |
5 square inches ÷ 4,014,489,600 = 0.00000000125 square miles
Square Inch = Square Mile × 4,014,489,600
Exactness of the method is not exactness of the result: where a ratio does not terminate, the table says so and the formula gives the fraction.
1 square inch = 0.0000965 ankanam on the Standard definition; 0.000193 on the Tirupati definition. Ankanam = Square Inch ÷ 10,368 (Standard) · reverse Square Inch = Ankanam × 10,368
| Square Inch | Ankanam (Standard) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000965 |
| 2 | 0.000193 |
| 3 | 0.000289 |
| 5 | 0.000482 |
| 10 | 0.000965 |
| 20 | 0.001929 |
| 50 | 0.004823 |
| 100 | 0.009645 |
| 200 | 0.01929 |
| 500 | 0.048225 |
| 1,000 | 0.096451 |
Ankanam, Tirupati (36 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Ankanam (Tirupati) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000193 |
| 2 | 0.000386 |
| 3 | 0.000579 |
| 5 | 0.000965 |
| 10 | 0.001929 |
| 20 | 0.003858 |
| 50 | 0.009645 |
| 100 | 0.01929 |
| 200 | 0.03858 |
| 500 | 0.096451 |
| 1,000 | 0.192901 |
1 square inch = 0.000000255 bigha on the UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca definition; 0.000000765 on the UP kachha (6⅔ biswa) definition · 0.00000102 on the UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills definition · 0.000000399 on the Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai definition · 0.000000579 on the Madhya Pradesh definition · 0.000000482 on the West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand definition · 0.000000797 on the Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt definition · 0.000000319 on the Punjab / west Haryana definition · 0.000000857 on the Haryana Ambala belt definition. Bigha = Square Inch ÷ 3,920,400 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) · reverse Square Inch = Bigha × 3,920,400
| Square Inch | Bigha (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000000255 |
| 2 | 0.000000510 |
| 3 | 0.000000765 |
| 5 | 0.00000128 |
| 10 | 0.00000255 |
| 20 | 0.00000510 |
| 50 | 0.0000128 |
| 100 | 0.0000255 |
| 200 | 0.0000510 |
| 500 | 0.000128 |
| 1,000 | 0.000255 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply square inch by the figure shown.
| Bigha definition | Where | Bigha per square inch |
|---|---|---|
| UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca (the definition used here) | Purvanchal, Awadh, Patna belt, east Rajasthan | 0.000000255 |
| UP kachha (6⅔ biswa) | West Uttar Pradesh | 0.000000765 |
| UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills | West UP, Kumaon and Garhwal hills | 0.00000102 |
| Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai | Marwar, Gujarat, Terai | 0.000000399 |
| Madhya Pradesh; reported, not sourced | Madhya Pradesh | 0.000000579 |
| West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand | West Bengal, Assam, Ranchi | 0.000000482 |
| Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt | Himachal Pradesh, Rohtak, Hisar | 0.000000797 |
| Punjab / west Haryana | Punjab, kanal belt of Haryana | 0.000000319 |
| Haryana Ambala belt | Ambala, Gurugram, Faridabad, Karnal, Panipat | 0.000000857 |
1 square inch = 0.00000510 biswa on the UP / Rajasthan pucca definition; 0.00000797 on the Rajasthan kachha definition · 0.0000153 on the Punjab / Haryana old records definition · 0.0000159 on the Himachal Pradesh definition. Biswa = Square Inch ÷ 196,020 (UP / Rajasthan pucca) · reverse Square Inch = Biswa × 196,020
| Square Inch | Biswa (UP / Rajasthan pucca) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000510 |
| 2 | 0.0000102 |
| 3 | 0.0000153 |
| 5 | 0.0000255 |
| 10 | 0.0000510 |
| 20 | 0.000102 |
| 50 | 0.000255 |
| 100 | 0.000510 |
| 200 | 0.00102 |
| 500 | 0.002551 |
| 1,000 | 0.005102 |
Biswa, Rajasthan kachha (871.2 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Biswa (Rajasthan kachha) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000797 |
| 2 | 0.0000159 |
| 3 | 0.0000239 |
| 5 | 0.0000399 |
| 10 | 0.0000797 |
| 20 | 0.000159 |
| 50 | 0.000399 |
| 100 | 0.000797 |
| 200 | 0.001594 |
| 500 | 0.003986 |
| 1,000 | 0.007971 |
Biswa, Punjab / Haryana old records (453.75 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Biswa (Punjab / Haryana old records) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000153 |
| 2 | 0.0000306 |
| 3 | 0.0000459 |
| 5 | 0.0000765 |
| 10 | 0.000153 |
| 20 | 0.000306 |
| 50 | 0.000765 |
| 100 | 0.00153 |
| 200 | 0.003061 |
| 500 | 0.007652 |
| 1,000 | 0.015305 |
Biswa, Himachal Pradesh (435.6 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Biswa (Himachal Pradesh) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000159 |
| 2 | 0.0000319 |
| 3 | 0.0000478 |
| 5 | 0.0000797 |
| 10 | 0.000159 |
| 20 | 0.000319 |
| 50 | 0.000797 |
| 100 | 0.001594 |
| 200 | 0.003188 |
| 500 | 0.007971 |
| 1,000 | 0.015942 |
1 square inch = 0.0000153 biswa kacha on the Punjab / Haryana revenue definition; 0.00000797 on the Rajasthan kachha reading definition. Biswa Kacha = Square Inch ÷ 65,340 (Punjab / Haryana revenue) · reverse Square Inch = Biswa Kacha × 65,340
453.75 square feet either way, so the Square Inch to Biswa, Punjab / Haryana old records figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
Biswa Kacha, Rajasthan kachha reading (871.2 sq ft):
871.2 square feet either way, so the Square Inch to Biswa, Rajasthan kachha figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
1 square inch = 0.000102 dhur on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) definition; 0.001929 on the Tripura definition. Dhur = Square Inch ÷ 9,801 (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) · reverse Square Inch = Dhur × 9,801
| Square Inch | Dhur (Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000102 |
| 2 | 0.000204 |
| 3 | 0.000306 |
| 5 | 0.000510 |
| 10 | 0.00102 |
| 20 | 0.002041 |
| 50 | 0.005102 |
| 100 | 0.010203 |
| 200 | 0.020406 |
| 500 | 0.051015 |
| 1,000 | 0.10203 |
Dhur, Tripura (3.6 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Dhur (Tripura) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.001929 |
| 2 | 0.003858 |
| 3 | 0.005787 |
| 5 | 0.009645 |
| 10 | 0.01929 |
| 20 | 0.03858 |
| 50 | 0.096451 |
| 100 | 0.192901 |
| 200 | 0.385802 |
| 500 | 0.964506 |
| 1,000 | 1.929012 |
1 square inch = 0.00000128 kanal on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.00000154 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.00000168 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.00000191 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Kanal = Square Inch ÷ 784,080 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Square Inch = Kanal × 784,080
| Square Inch | Kanal (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000128 |
| 2 | 0.00000255 |
| 3 | 0.00000383 |
| 5 | 0.00000638 |
| 10 | 0.0000128 |
| 20 | 0.0000255 |
| 50 | 0.0000638 |
| 100 | 0.000128 |
| 200 | 0.000255 |
| 500 | 0.000638 |
| 1,000 | 0.001275 |
Kanal, Majha belt (60-inch karam) (4,500 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Kanal (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000154 |
| 2 | 0.00000309 |
| 3 | 0.00000463 |
| 5 | 0.00000772 |
| 10 | 0.0000154 |
| 20 | 0.0000309 |
| 50 | 0.0000772 |
| 100 | 0.000154 |
| 200 | 0.000309 |
| 500 | 0.000772 |
| 1,000 | 0.001543 |
Kanal, Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) (4,132.8125 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Kanal (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000168 |
| 2 | 0.00000336 |
| 3 | 0.00000504 |
| 5 | 0.00000840 |
| 10 | 0.0000168 |
| 20 | 0.0000336 |
| 50 | 0.0000840 |
| 100 | 0.000168 |
| 200 | 0.000336 |
| 500 | 0.000840 |
| 1,000 | 0.00168 |
Kanal, Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) (3,645 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Kanal (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000191 |
| 2 | 0.00000381 |
| 3 | 0.00000572 |
| 5 | 0.00000953 |
| 10 | 0.0000191 |
| 20 | 0.0000381 |
| 50 | 0.0000953 |
| 100 | 0.000191 |
| 200 | 0.000381 |
| 500 | 0.000953 |
| 1,000 | 0.001905 |
1 square inch = 0.00000510 katha on the Bihar state standard definition; 0.00000965 on the West Bengal / Jharkhand definition · 0.00000241 on the Assam definition · 0.00000399 on the Bihar (Chhapra) definition · 0.00000365 on the Bihar (Hajipur) definition · 0.00000213 on the Bihar (Bettiah) definition. Katha = Square Inch ÷ 196,020 (Bihar state standard) · reverse Square Inch = Katha × 196,020
1,361.25 square feet either way, so the Square Inch to Biswa figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
Every definition as a factor. Multiply square inch by the figure shown.
| Katha definition | Where | Katha per square inch |
|---|---|---|
| Bihar state standard (the definition used here) | Patna, Arrah | 0.00000510 |
| West Bengal / Jharkhand | Rural West Bengal, Ranchi | 0.00000965 |
| Assam | Assam (except Barak Valley) | 0.00000241 |
| Bihar (Chhapra) | Saran | 0.00000399 |
| Bihar (Hajipur) | Vaishali | 0.00000365 |
| Bihar (Bettiah) | West Champaran | 0.00000213 |
1 square inch = 0.0000255 marla on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.0000309 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.0000336 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.0000381 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition · 0.0000309 on the HSVP urban estate definition. Marla = Square Inch ÷ 39,204 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Square Inch = Marla × 39,204
| Square Inch | Marla (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000255 |
| 2 | 0.0000510 |
| 3 | 0.0000765 |
| 5 | 0.000128 |
| 10 | 0.000255 |
| 20 | 0.000510 |
| 50 | 0.001275 |
| 100 | 0.002551 |
| 200 | 0.005102 |
| 500 | 0.012754 |
| 1,000 | 0.025508 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply square inch by the figure shown.
| Marla definition | Where | Marla per square inch |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) | Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K | 0.0000255 |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran | 0.0000309 |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal | 0.0000336 |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Parts of Kapurthala | 0.0000381 |
| HSVP urban estate | Haryana urban estates | 0.0000309 |
1 square inch = 0.00000000638 murabba on the Punjab canal colony definition; 0.0000000102 on the Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) definition. Murabba = Square Inch ÷ 156,816,000 (Punjab canal colony) · reverse Square Inch = Murabba × 156,816,000
| Square Inch | Murabba (Punjab canal colony) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000000638 |
| 2 | 0.0000000128 |
| 3 | 0.0000000191 |
| 5 | 0.0000000319 |
| 10 | 0.0000000638 |
| 20 | 0.000000128 |
| 50 | 0.000000319 |
| 100 | 0.000000638 |
| 200 | 0.00000128 |
| 500 | 0.00000319 |
| 1,000 | 0.00000638 |
Murabba, Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) (680,625 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Murabba (Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000000102 |
| 2 | 0.0000000204 |
| 3 | 0.0000000306 |
| 5 | 0.0000000510 |
| 10 | 0.000000102 |
| 20 | 0.000000204 |
| 50 | 0.000000510 |
| 100 | 0.00000102 |
| 200 | 0.00000204 |
| 500 | 0.00000510 |
| 1,000 | 0.0000102 |
1 square inch = 0.000230 square karam on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.000278 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.000302 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.000343 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Square Karam = Square Inch ÷ 4,356 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Square Inch = Square Karam × 4,356
| Square Inch | Square Karam (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000230 |
| 2 | 0.000459 |
| 3 | 0.000689 |
| 5 | 0.001148 |
| 10 | 0.002296 |
| 20 | 0.004591 |
| 50 | 0.011478 |
| 100 | 0.022957 |
| 200 | 0.045914 |
| 500 | 0.114784 |
| 1,000 | 0.229568 |
Square Karam, Majha belt (60-inch karam) (25 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Square Karam (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000278 |
| 2 | 0.000556 |
| 3 | 0.000833 |
| 5 | 0.001389 |
| 10 | 0.002778 |
| 20 | 0.005556 |
| 50 | 0.013889 |
| 100 | 0.027778 |
| 200 | 0.055556 |
| 500 | 0.138889 |
| 1,000 | 0.277778 |
Square Karam, Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) (22.960069 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Square Karam (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000302 |
| 2 | 0.000605 |
| 3 | 0.000907 |
| 5 | 0.001512 |
| 10 | 0.003025 |
| 20 | 0.006049 |
| 50 | 0.015123 |
| 100 | 0.030246 |
| 200 | 0.060491 |
| 500 | 0.151229 |
| 1,000 | 0.302457 |
Square Karam, Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) (20.25 sq ft):
| Square Inch | Square Karam (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000343 |
| 2 | 0.000686 |
| 3 | 0.001029 |
| 5 | 0.001715 |
| 10 | 0.003429 |
| 20 | 0.006859 |
| 50 | 0.017147 |
| 100 | 0.034294 |
| 200 | 0.068587 |
| 500 | 0.171468 |
| 1,000 | 0.342936 |
1 square inch = 0.0000159 cent (recurring). Cent = Square Inch ÷ 62,726.4 · reverse Square Inch = Cent × 62,726.4
435.6 square feet either way, so the Square Inch to Biswa, Himachal Pradesh figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
1 square inch = 0.000154 chatak (recurring). Chatak = Square Inch ÷ 6,480 · reverse Square Inch = Chatak × 6,480
| Square Inch | Chatak |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000154 |
| 2 | 0.000309 |
| 3 | 0.000463 |
| 5 | 0.000772 |
| 10 | 0.001543 |
| 20 | 0.003086 |
| 50 | 0.007716 |
| 100 | 0.015432 |
| 200 | 0.030864 |
| 500 | 0.07716 |
| 1,000 | 0.154321 |
1 square inch = 0.000772 gaj (recurring). Gaj = Square Inch ÷ 1,296 · reverse Square Inch = Gaj × 1,296
| Square Inch | Gaj |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000772 |
| 2 | 0.001543 |
| 3 | 0.002315 |
| 5 | 0.003858 |
| 10 | 0.007716 |
| 20 | 0.015432 |
| 50 | 0.03858 |
| 100 | 0.07716 |
| 200 | 0.154321 |
| 500 | 0.385802 |
| 1,000 | 0.771605 |
1 square inch = 0.00000289 ground (recurring). Ground = Square Inch ÷ 345,600 · reverse Square Inch = Ground × 345,600
| Square Inch | Ground |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000289 |
| 2 | 0.00000579 |
| 3 | 0.00000868 |
| 5 | 0.0000145 |
| 10 | 0.0000289 |
| 20 | 0.0000579 |
| 50 | 0.000145 |
| 100 | 0.000289 |
| 200 | 0.000579 |
| 500 | 0.001447 |
| 1,000 | 0.002894 |
1 square inch = 0.00000638 guntha (recurring). Guntha = Square Inch ÷ 156,816 · reverse Square Inch = Guntha × 156,816
| Square Inch | Guntha |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000638 |
| 2 | 0.0000128 |
| 3 | 0.0000191 |
| 5 | 0.0000319 |
| 10 | 0.0000638 |
| 20 | 0.000128 |
| 50 | 0.000319 |
| 100 | 0.000638 |
| 200 | 0.001275 |
| 500 | 0.003188 |
| 1,000 | 0.006377 |
1 square inch = 0.0000482 lessa (recurring). Lessa = Square Inch ÷ 20,736 · reverse Square Inch = Lessa × 20,736
| Square Inch | Lessa |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000482 |
| 2 | 0.0000965 |
| 3 | 0.000145 |
| 5 | 0.000241 |
| 10 | 0.000482 |
| 20 | 0.000965 |
| 50 | 0.002411 |
| 100 | 0.004823 |
| 200 | 0.009645 |
| 500 | 0.024113 |
| 1,000 | 0.048225 |
1 square inch = 0.00000322 nali (recurring). Nali = Square Inch ÷ 311,040 · reverse Square Inch = Nali × 311,040
| Square Inch | Nali |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000322 |
| 2 | 0.00000643 |
| 3 | 0.00000965 |
| 5 | 0.0000161 |
| 10 | 0.0000322 |
| 20 | 0.0000643 |
| 50 | 0.000161 |
| 100 | 0.000322 |
| 200 | 0.000643 |
| 500 | 0.001608 |
| 1,000 | 0.003215 |
1 square inch = 0.000000121 pura (recurring). Pura = Square Inch ÷ 8,294,400 · reverse Square Inch = Pura × 8,294,400
| Square Inch | Pura |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000000121 |
| 2 | 0.000000241 |
| 3 | 0.000000362 |
| 5 | 0.000000603 |
| 10 | 0.00000121 |
| 20 | 0.00000241 |
| 50 | 0.00000603 |
| 100 | 0.0000121 |
| 200 | 0.0000241 |
| 500 | 0.0000603 |
| 1,000 | 0.000121 |
Six of the thirty-two units are two names for one area with another, so their figures are identical to the last digit.
1 square inch = 0.0000159 decimal. A decimal and a cent are the same area, 435.6 square feet, so any Square Inch figure converts to the same number of either. Decimal = Square Inch ÷ 62,726.4 · reverse Square Inch = Decimal × 62,726.4
1 square inch = 0.0000159 dismil. A dismil and a cent are the same area, 435.6 square feet, so any Square Inch figure converts to the same number of either. Dismil = Square Inch ÷ 62,726.4 · reverse Square Inch = Dismil × 62,726.4
1 square inch = 0.000772 gajam. A gajam and a gaj are the same area, 9 square feet, so any Square Inch figure converts to the same number of either. Gajam = Square Inch ÷ 1,296 · reverse Square Inch = Gajam × 1,296
1 square inch = 0.000000159 killa. A killa and an acre are the same area, 43,560 square feet, so any Square Inch figure converts to the same number of either. Killa = Square Inch ÷ 6,272,640 · reverse Square Inch = Killa × 6,272,640
1 square inch = 0.0000255 perches. A perch and a marla are the same area, 272.25 square feet, so any Square Inch figure converts to the same number of either. Perch = Square Inch ÷ 39,204 · reverse Square Inch = Perch × 39,204
1 square inch = 0.000772 square yards. A square yard and a gaj are the same area, 9 square feet, so any Square Inch figure converts to the same number of either. Square Yard = Square Inch ÷ 1,296 · reverse Square Inch = Square Yard × 1,296
The tables above are arithmetic, and for a square inch the arithmetic is the easy half. What decides whether the figure you started with is the right one to convert at all is In Indian Law the Square Inch Is a Denominator.
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