Written and fact-checked by Aadil Saif. Arithmetic independently re-verified · Last updated September 2026
Part of the India Land Unit Converter series.
The dhur is published with one number: 68.0625 square feet. It is what this series carried, and what the converters this research checked all give. That number appears nowhere in the indexed Indian legal corpus, the search returns nothing. So this page went looking for what is on the record, and found four things: three statutes that use it as a measure and leave a blank where its size would go; a 1924 judgment that defines it as a ratio rather than an area; a 2022 judgment that puts it at 36 square feet and decides a boundary dispute on that figure; and a Tripura court that sets out a completely different dhur, 3.6 square feet, in a table it reproduces in full. The conversion below is the figure the ladder gives. The page's job is to tell you when it is the wrong one.
1 dhur (Bihar and Jharkhand, on the Patna chain) = 68.0625 square feet = 6.32321316 square metres exactly = 1⁄640 of an acre.
1 dhur (Tripura) = 3.6 square feet = 0.334450944 square metres exactly = 1⁄12,100 of an acre.
| One dhur, in | Patna chain | Tripura |
|---|---|---|
| Square feet | 68.0625 | 3.6 |
| Square yards | 7.5625 | 0.4 |
| Square metres | 6.32321316 | 0.334450944 |
| To the acre | 640 | 12,100 |
| To the local bigha or kani | 400 | 4,800 |
| Its own place in the ladder | 1⁄20 of a katha | 1⁄20 of a kranti |
| Dhur | Square Feet | Square Meter | Katha (Bihar state standard) | Bigha (Bihar) | Decimal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 68.0625 | 6.32321316 | 0.05 | 0.0025 | 0.15625 |
| 2 | 136.125 | 12.64642632 | 0.1 | 0.005 | 0.3125 |
| 3 | 204.1875 | 18.96963948 | 0.15 | 0.0075 | 0.46875 |
| 5 | 340.3125 | 31.6160658 | 0.25 | 0.0125 | 0.78125 |
| 10 | 680.625 | 63.2321316 | 0.5 | 0.025 | 1.5625 |
| 20 | 1,361.25 | 126.4642632 | 1 | 0.05 | 3.125 |
| 50 | 3,403.125 | 316.160658 | 2.5 | 0.125 | 7.8125 |
| 100 | 6,806.25 | 632.321316 | 5 | 0.25 | 15.625 |
| 200 | 13,612.5 | 1,264.642632 | 10 | 0.5 | 31.25 |
| 500 | 34,031.25 | 3,161.60658 | 25 | 1.25 | 78.125 |
| 1,000 | 68,062.5 | 6,323.21316 | 50 | 2.5 | 156.25 |
Both are exact. Both give a whole number of dhurs to the acre. And the acre in dhurs behaves oppositely in the two systems: one Bihar dhur is 0.0015625 acre, which terminates; one Tripura dhur is 0.0000826446… acre, which recurs, because 12,100 = 2² × 5² × 11² and the 11² is the acre's own, the Square Mile page traces it to the sixteen-and-a-half-foot rod.
The Patna-chain dhur is 18.90625 times the Tripura dhur. Exactly: 605 ⁄ 32. The two figures Indian courts have actually stated are 36 square feet in Jharkhand and 3.6 in Tripura, ten times apart, though they are not two measurements of one thing: the Tripura figure belongs to a different ladder and the Jharkhand one to a different katha.
Three things that table does not say.
Nothing in the indexed corpus states 68.0625. Search Indian Kanoon's full text (every statute, rule and judgment it indexes) for the number and it returns nothing at all. That is a literal-string search of one database, not a proof that no document anywhere contains it, and this page is careful about the difference. The figure is a derivation (a bigha of 27,225 square feet divided by four hundred), and this page grades it as one. The Tripura figure, by contrast, is quoted from a High Court table.
The word has two homes and one of the doors is one-way. Bihar's and Jharkhand's High Courts have used the word biswansi zero times between them. Uttar Pradesh's court uses dhur constantly, for the same place in a ladder it has its own word for.
One court priced the dhur and the answer changed the case. A Jharkhand judgment says a dhur is 36 square feet and concludes on that basis that 300 square feet covers eight dhurs. At 68.0625, eight dhurs is 544.5 square feet and it does not. And 36 is what this page's own rule gives for the Bengal-chain katha that reaches Ranchi-side Jharkhand, which is why the headline above names the Patna chain rather than a state.
Convert The answer, first · To square feet, katha and decimal
Understand Two words for one place · Four hundred to the bigha · The figure nobody states · The Tripura dhur · Where the dhur is in Indian law · Three mistakes
Check Searching for this unit · FAQ · Sources and method
Convert to a specific unit: Acre · Ankanam · Ares · Bigha · Biswa · Biswa Kacha · Cent · Chatak · Decimal · Dismil · Gaj · Gajam · Ground · Guntha · Hectare · Kanal · Katha · Killa · Lessa · Marla · Murabba · Nali · Perch · Pura · Square Centimeter · Square Feet · Square Inch · Square Karam · Square Kilometer · Square Meter · Square Mile · Square Yard
Every one of the other thirty-two units has a section on this page. Where two units are the same area their table would be identical, so the second section points at the first rather than repeating it.
Every factor is a dhur's own size, 68.0625 square feet, divided by the target unit's. To check any row by hand, take that number, divide, and compare.
Each one comes from a single anchor, the acre at 43,560 square feet, by exact fraction arithmetic. Where a factor recurs, the formula gives the fraction rather than a rounded decimal, because a rounded factor is a wrong instruction rather than an approximate one: the fraction is what has to be carried wherever the arithmetic must close. Every row below is computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) definition of the dhur, 68.0625 square feet. The other definitions, and what each is attested by, are in the regional table on this page; a row read against the wrong one is wrong by the ratio between them.
| Conversion | Formula | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Dhur to Acre | Dhur × 0.0015625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Ankanam | Dhur × 0.9453125 | Exact · Ankanam is regional. This row is the Standard; also 1.890625 |
| Dhur to Ares | Dhur × 0.0632321316 | Exact |
| Dhur to Bigha | Dhur × 0.0025 | Exact · Bigha is regional. This row is the UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.0075, 0.01, 0.00390625 and 5 more |
| Dhur to Biswa | Dhur × 0.05 | Exact · Biswa is regional. This row is the UP / Rajasthan pucca; also 0.078125, 0.15, 0.15625 |
| Dhur to Biswa Kacha | Dhur × 0.15 | Exact · Biswa Kacha is regional. This row is the Punjab / Haryana revenue; also 0.078125 |
| Dhur to Cent | Dhur × 0.15625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Chatak | Dhur × 1.5125 | Exact |
| Dhur to Decimal | Dhur × 0.15625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Dismil | Dhur × 0.15625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Gaj | Dhur × 7.5625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Gajam | Dhur × 7.5625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Ground | Dhur × 0.028359375 | Exact |
| Dhur to Guntha | Dhur × 0.0625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Hectare | Dhur × 0.000632321316 | Exact |
| Dhur to Kanal | Dhur × 0.0125 | Exact · Kanal is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.015125, 0.016469, 0.018673 |
| Dhur to Katha | Dhur × 0.05 | Exact · Katha is regional. This row is the Bihar state standard; also 0.09453125, 0.0236328125, 0.0390625 and 2 more |
| Dhur to Killa | Dhur × 0.0015625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Lessa | Dhur × 0.47265625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Marla | Dhur × 0.25 | Exact · Marla is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 0.3025, 0.329376, 0.373457 and 1 more |
| Dhur to Murabba | Dhur × 0.0000625 | Exact · Murabba is regional. This row is the Punjab canal colony; also 0.0001 |
| Dhur to Nali | Dhur × 121/3,840 | Recurring |
| Dhur to Perch | Dhur × 0.25 | Exact |
| Dhur to Pura | Dhur × 0.001181640625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Square Centimeter | Dhur × 63,232.1316 | Exact |
| Dhur to Square Feet | Dhur × 68.0625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Square Inch | Dhur × 9,801 | Exact |
| Dhur to Square Karam | Dhur × 2.25 | Exact · Square Karam is regional. This row is the Standard (66-inch karam); also 2.7225, 2.964386, 3.361111 |
| Dhur to Square Kilometer | Dhur × 0.00000632321316 | Exact |
| Dhur to Square Meter | Dhur × 6.32321316 | Exact |
| Dhur to Square Mile | Dhur × 0.00000244140625 | Exact |
| Dhur to Square Yard | Dhur × 7.5625 | Exact |
Two Indian land ladders reach the same depth by different names.
| Bihar and Jharkhand | Uttar Pradesh | |
|---|---|---|
| Top | bigha | bigha |
| ÷ 20 | katha | biswa |
| ÷ 20 again | dhur | biswansi |
Where the bigha is the same in both (and in the Patna belt and the UP pucca districts it is the same, 27,225 square feet) every rung coincides. A katha and a biswa are both 1,361.25 square feet. A dhur and a biswansi are both 68.0625. Two vocabularies, one ladder, and no arithmetic between them.
What is not symmetrical is which court says which word.
| High Court | Documents with "dhur" |
Documents with "biswansi" |
|---|---|---|
| Patna | 1,716 | 0 |
| Jharkhand | 465 | 0 |
| Allahabad | 251 | 579 |
Full-text search, indiankanoon.org, 10 September 2026. Queries as shown.
Bihar and Jharkhand have never used the Uttar Pradesh word, not once, across 1,488 documents in which they use their own on the Bihar ladder. Uttar Pradesh uses the Bihar word at about thirty-one per cent of the rate it uses its own: 180 bound dhur documents against 579 biswansi ones. On the bare counts the figure is 43%, and the bound one is the honest comparison because only one side of it has been cleaned.
Three limits on that, stated before anything rests on it. The biswansi count is a single spelling and has had no contamination control run against it, so 579 is an upper bound on that side. Both figures are High Court documents, not states, an English-language database under-covers the Hindi-language lower courts and the registry offices where this vocabulary actually lives. And a document count is not a transaction count. What survives all three is the zero, which no amount of cleaning can raise.
Dhur is also a surname and at least two Punjab place names. The Mussalman Wakf Validating Act 1913 contains it because it cites Abdul Fata Mahomad Ishak v. Russomoy Dhur Chowdhry; the Punjab Fisheries Rules 1985 contain it because the Bhupinder Sagar runs "from village Dhur to Harian, Jattan"; a 2024 Delhi High Court judgment about land in Sangrur contains both "Tehsil Dhuri" and "Tehsil Dhur". None of these is a unit of area.
So every count is also given bounded to a second word from the same ladder:
| Query | Documents | Share of the bare count |
|---|---|---|
"dhur" "katha" doctypes:patna |
1,203 | of 1,716, 70% |
"dhur" "katha" doctypes:jharkhand |
285 | of 465, 61% |
"dhur" "biswa" doctypes:allahabad |
180 | of 251, 72% |
Six to seven in ten, on all three. The bound counts do not change the shape of the finding; they establish that the shape survives the noise. Every comparison below uses the bound figures, and where a bare figure is quoted it is labelled as one.
Jagdish Narain Tripathi v. State of U.P., Allahabad High Court, 4 April 2012, is a surplus-land matter under the U.P. Imposition of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act 1960. One holding is "1 Bigha 12 Biswas and 14 Dhurs". Another, in the same sequence of the same order, is "16 Bighas 5 Biswas and 8 Biswansi".
The same court, the same statute, the same proceedings, both words in the third place. Neither is glossed, because neither needed glossing: the judge, the registry and the parties all read them as the same thing.
Om Prakash Singh v. State of U.P., Allahabad High Court, 22 April 2024, writes the Bihar word four times over ceiling orders of 1974 to 1982: "32 bighas, 8 biswas and 14 dhur", "32 bigha, 8 biswa and 2 dhur", "15 bigha, 12 biswa, 10 dhur", "18 bigha, 19 biswa, 8 dhur". Across the two judgments, six figures stand in the third place (14, 2, 10 and 8 dhurs here, 14 dhurs and 8 biswansi in Jagdish Narain Tripathi), and not one of them reaches twenty, which is what a base-twenty ladder requires and what the Chatak page makes a method out of. Six observations is a weak test and the page says so; it is consistent with the ratio and it does not establish it.
Durga Prasad Sahu v. Tameshwar Prasad Naik, Allahabad High Court, 12 May 1924:
"One dhur is equal to 1/400th part of a bigha."
Twenty biswa times twenty biswansi is four hundred. That sentence is the biswansi's definition, given for the dhur, by the court whose own word is biswansi. It is the closest thing to a definition of this unit that exists in the Indian legal record, and it defines a ratio, not an area.
The case is from Gorakhpur and Maharajganj, eastern Uttar Pradesh, against the Bihar and Nepal border, which is exactly where the two vocabularies would be expected to meet.
A note on reading it. The judgment is reported twice. One report prints 1/400th; the other prints l/400th, with a lower-case L in place of the digit. A reader cannot see the difference and a search cannot survive it. Five spellings of one unit make the same point elsewhere in this series; this is the same problem inside a single number.
The 1924 case is not about land measurement. It is about registration, and the dhur is why it reached the High Court.
A family sold property for Rs 25,100. Included in the sale-deed was a property at Belaura which the Court described as "a very insignificant one", and then explained why by saying how big a dhur is. In the Court's own words, "It was owing to the inclusion of this property in the sale-deed that the deed became registerable by the Sub-Registrar of Gorakhpur. If this property had been excluded the Sub-Registrar of Maharajganj alone, would have had the jurisdiction to register the document." The argument that had found favour below was "that, the property being so insignificant neither party intended that any transfer of title to it should take place", which, if right, would have taken the deed out of Gorakhpur's registry altogether.
Sixty-eight square feet, a square 8 feet 3 inches on a side, chose the registry office for a transaction of twenty-five thousand rupees. That is the practical reason the smallest rung on the ladder is worth knowing, and the side length is not a coincidence: it is the bigha’s own square, divided twice by twenty.
The 1924 ratio is not arbitrary. It matches the shape of the thing, with a caveat about what that does and does not prove, set out below.
The bigha of the Ain-i-Akbari is sixty gaz long by sixty broad (3,600 square gaz), and the gaz that the nineteenth-century settlements fixed on is 33 inches. Where that gaz came from, and the fact that its 33 inches was a British administrative choice of 1825–6 rather than an Akbar-era constant, belongs with those two units and is not restated here.
Take the dhur as a square three gaz on a side and every figure in the ladder falls out:
| Three gaz | 99 inches = 8 feet 3 inches |
| Its square | 68.0625 square feet |
| In square gaz | 9 |
| Bigha in square gaz | 3,600 |
| Dhurs to the bigha | 3,600 ÷ 9 = 400 |
The dhur is exactly a three-gaz square. One square gaz is 7.5625 square feet, and nine of those is 68.0625 exactly.
This is an observation about the number, not a derivation of it, and the difference matters. The 68.0625 came from dividing a 27,225-square-foot bigha by four hundred in the first place, so noticing that its square root is three gaz cannot be independent evidence for the four hundred. Circular support of exactly this kind was found inside the Katha page's own thesis and corrected there, and it is flagged here for the same reason.
What the observation does add is that the ladder is dimensionally coherent, and the reason is the shape of the ladder rather than the arithmetic. Four hundred equal parts of a bigha need only have an area of nine square gaz each; strips of one gaz by nine would divide it just as evenly. But the ladder does not divide by four hundred in one step. It divides by twenty and then by twenty again, which lays a 20 × 20 grid over a 60 × 60-gaz square and makes each cell three gaz by three. That is an inference from how the ladder is built, not a necessity of the arithmetic, and it is worth stating in those terms because the arithmetic alone would not get you there.
The same square runs through the ladder above it. Twenty dhurs make a katha; twenty kathas make a bigha; 20 × 20 = 400, and a bigha of 27,225 square feet divided by 400 is 68.0625. Every number in the Patna chain is the same square counted differently.
None of that is a source. It is a description of a figure, and the figure it describes is still not one any Indian instrument states.
Search Indian Kanoon's full text (every statute, rule and judgment it indexes) for 68.0625, and it returns nothing at all. Not a rule, not a manual, not a judgment, not a glossary.
What that is and is not. It is a literal-string search of one database. It cannot see a document the database does not index, it cannot see the figure written any other way, and, as this page shows two sections later with 1/400th and l/400th, it cannot see a digit that has been scanned as a letter. The honest statement is that the figure is absent from the largest searchable body of Indian law, and that no source for it was located anywhere else in this research. That is weaker than "it does not exist" and it is the claim this page makes.
That is why this page grades the Patna-chain dhur reported, not sourced, and why the Katha page, the Bigha page and every other page in this series that quotes it now carries the same grade. What is on the record is a ratio (one dhur to four hundred bigha, from 1924), and a bigha of 27,225 square feet, which is sourced. The area is the product of the two.
Ramesh Kumar Jhunjhunwala v. Rudra Narayan Mandal, Jharkhand High Court, M.A. 191 of 2010, decided 2 November 2022, recording the First Appellate Court's reasoning on a boundary dispute:
"the area recorded in the Sale Deed of the plaintiff is 08 Dhurs but in the map, it is shown that 300 square feet which will be more than 08 Dhurs because 01 Dhur is equal to 36 square feet, so, no land exists between the lands shown in the Exhibit A/1 and A."
Thirty-six square feet. Work the two figures through the court's own sentence:
| At 36 sq ft | At 68.0625 sq ft | |
|---|---|---|
| Eight dhurs | 288 sq ft | 544.5 sq ft |
| The map shows | 300 sq ft | 300 sq ft |
| So the map is | 12 sq ft more than the deed | 244.5 sq ft less |
| And the conclusion "no land exists between" | follows | reverses |
At the court's figure the map covers the deed and there is no gap between the parcels. At 68.0625, a strip of 244½ square feet is unaccounted for, and the Amin's evidence in the same judgment was that there is land between the two plots, "5 feet wide and 5 feet in length".
The appellate court remanded the suit for a fresh Amin report, so nothing was finally decided on the point. But a finding of fact about whether a strip of land exists was reasoned from a square-foot value of the dhur, and it is not the value this unit is usually published with.
The katha is one twentieth of the local bigha, and this series carries six definitions of it, from 720 square feet to 3,267, a spread of 4.54 to one. That argument is the Katha page's, which also tabulates values derived rather than observed, and it is not repeated here. Its consequence for this unit is:
The court sat in Jharkhand. Its figure is what the Bihar sub-unit name produces when it is applied to the Bengal-chain katha, and the two numbers meet without a remainder.
That is arithmetic, and it is offered as a possible explanation and nothing more. No document connects them, the judgment names no source for its 36, and the Bengal chain's own sub-unit is not the dhur at all but the chatak, sixteen to the katha at 45 square feet, which the Chatak page establishes. A reader should take from this that the dhur inherits the local katha, not that a 36-square-foot dhur has been proved.
Vijay Kumar Vishwakarma v. State of Bihar, Patna High Court, 16 May 2017, a title dispute over Plot 344, Khata 214, at Naugachia, recited entirely in kathas and dhurs and at no point saying how big either is:
| The whole plot | 4 katha 16 dhur |
| The defendants say they bought | 3 katha 6 dhur |
| Sold separately to Shanti Devi | 1 katha 3 dhur |
| The plaintiff says the defendants bought only | 2 katha 12 dhur |
| The plaintiff therefore claims | 1 katha 1 dhur |
Take the plaintiff's version and add: 2 katha 12 dhur plus 1 katha 3 dhur is 3 katha 15 dhur. Subtract from the whole: 4 katha 16 dhur less 3 katha 15 dhur is 1 katha 1 dhur, which is what the plaint asks for.
It closes exactly: and it is worth being precise about how much that proves, because it is less than it looks.
There is no borrow anywhere in the sum: 16 − 15 = 1 in the third place and 4 − 3 = 1 in the second. A subtraction with no borrow closes the same way in any base large enough to hold its digits, so this one closes at every base from seventeen upward, seventeen being the floor because the plot itself is written with sixteen dhurs in the third place, and a digit of sixteen needs a base above it.
So what the judgment establishes is a bound, not a value: the Bihar dhur is at most one seventeenth of a katha, and everyone in the case (two parties, a Sub-Judge and the High Court) worked in a base of at least seventeen without anyone thinking it needed saying. Twenty satisfies that and so do eighty-three other numbers. It is corroboration, and this page does not present it as proof.
An earlier draft of this page said the sum "closes only at twenty". That was wrong, and the correction is recorded here rather than quietly made: the claim was tested against every base from 2 to 100 and it holds at eighty-four of them.
The parcel in issue, at 21 dhurs, is 1,429.3125 square feet.
Nineteen times smaller, in a ladder that shares not one other word with Bihar's, and it is the one an Indian court has actually defined.
The Tripura High Court, in two land-acquisition appeals decided in 2019 by Sanjay Karol CJ, reproduces the whole chain "for the purposes of proper appreciation and correct understanding":
"Measurement of Land — 1 Dhur = 3.6 Sq. Ft. 20 Dhur = 3.6 Sq. Ft. × 20 = 72 Sq. Ft. = 1 Kranti; 3 Kranti = 72 Sq. Ft. × 3 = 216 Sq. Ft. = 1 Kara; 4 Kara = 216 Sq. Ft. × 4 = 864 Sq. Ft. = 1 Ganda; 20 Ganda = 864 Sq. Ft. × 20 = 17,280 Sq. Ft. = 1 Kani. 1 Kani = 0.39669421 Acre. 1 Acre = 43560 Sq. ft."
| Tripura ladder | Square feet | Dhurs |
|---|---|---|
| Dhur | 3.6 | 1 |
| Kranti (20 dhur) | 72 | 20 |
| Kara (3 kranti) | 216 | 60 |
| Ganda (4 kara) | 864 | 240 |
| Kani (20 ganda) | 17,280 | 4,800 |
Every step recomputes: 20 × 3 × 4 × 20 = 4,800, and 17,280 ÷ 4,800 = 3.6.
The court's acre figure is exact to the place it stops. A kani is 17,280 ⁄ 43,560 of an acre, which reduces to 48 ⁄ 121, 0.396694214876…, recurring, because 121 is 11². The judgment prints 0.39669421, correct as either a rounding or a truncation at eight places. It is a rare thing in this series: a court quoting a recurring conversion and stopping in the right place.
The phrase "3.6 sq. ft" returns exactly two documents in the whole Indian legal corpus. These two judgments. A third document, Upendra Kumar Majumder v. Tapan Majumder (Gauhati HC, 23 December 2003), uses the same ladder for a jote at Matabari and carries a fractional dhur, "4-7/32 dhurs", which shows the unit in live use down to a thirty-second part of 3.6 square feet, an area smaller than a sheet of A4.
| Bihar / Jharkhand | Tripura | |
|---|---|---|
| Square feet | 68.0625 | 3.6 |
| Shape of the unit | a square 8 ft 3 in on a side | 3.6 square feet |
| Per acre | 640 | 12,100 |
| Acre value | 0.0015625; terminates | 0.0000826446…; recurs |
| Stated by an Indian court in square feet? | No | Yes, twice |
The ratio between them is 605 ⁄ 32 = 18.90625 exactly.
There is a third dhur, and this page does not convert to it. Nepal's customary chain runs bigha–katha–dhur like Bihar's but on a bigha of 72,900 square feet, which makes its dhur 182.25 square feet, 2.68 times the Patna one. That chain is customary rather than statutory, and Nepal's own Land (Survey and Measurement) Act requires bigha records to be converted to hectares; the Katha page establishes both points and this page adds nothing to them. It is named here because a figure lifted from a Nepali document and converted at 68.0625 is out by the same kind of factor as a Tripura figure, in the other direction.
And the smallest of the three is not the smallest thing on this page. One twentieth of the Bihar dhur is the dhurki in Bihar and the kachwansi in Uttar Pradesh, both 3.403125 square feet, 5.46875% smaller than a whole Tripura dhur. Two Indian states have a named land unit smaller than another state's smallest named land unit, and the two land within five and a half per cent of each other by accident.
Nine documents in the indexed statutory corpus contain the word. All nine result rows were read.
| Instrument | Index rows | What the word is doing |
|---|---|---|
| Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908 | 1 | the unit |
| Chota Nagpur Tenancy Rules, 1959 | 1 | the unit, Form 7, column 7 |
| Bihar Privileged Persons Homestead Tenancy Rules, 1948 | 2 | the unit, Form I |
| Mussalman Wakf Validating Act, 1913 | 2 | a surname |
| Punjab Fisheries Rules, 1985 | 1 | a village |
| Punjab Transport Scheme, 2018 | 2 | a place |
| Six instruments, three of them about land | 9 |
Documents are not instruments, the database indexes a rule and its parent separately, so nine documents are six instruments, and three of the six use the word as a measure of land. The other three use it as a person's name or a place's.
Not one of the three defines the dhur. Two of them print it as a blank in a form.
The Bihar Privileged Persons Homestead Tenancy Rules 1948, Form I, inserted by G.S.R. 22 of 25 February 1971, is the application a landholder files for compensation after his land has been acquired:
"Whereas after the commencement of the Bihar Privileged Persons Homestead Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1970 my....................... Khatas............... Dhurs .................. Dismal................ of land has been acquired by the State Government."
Three blanks, and the state expects an area in all three. The middle one is the dhur, with no size attached to it anywhere in the Rules.
The first blank is the problem. The indexed text reads Khatas. That is either a transcription of kathas (the level directly above the dhur, which the form otherwise skips entirely), or the record word khata, which is a holding number and not an area at all. The indexed text cannot settle which, and this page does not guess; a printed copy of the Rules would settle it in a minute. This series has published a bracketed reconstruction of a damaged scan before, and the rule set out with it applies here: say which words are legible and which are not.
The Chota Nagpur Tenancy Rules 1959, Form 7, column 7 ("Area in (1) acres and decimals or (2) bighas, kathas and dhurs or (3) local measure") is read elsewhere as an official ranking of units, and is cited here rather than repeated. What it adds here is the dhur's position: named as the third place of the second option, ranked below the decimal, and given no size.
Three things will bite anyone who tries to check these counts.
The word is also a name. A surname in one 1913 Act and a Punjab village and tehsil in three more documents. Any count of the bare word is a count of four different things, which is why the counts on this page are bound to a second word from the same ladder.
Indian Kanoon lemmatises inflection but not spelling. "20 dhur" and "20 dhurs" return the same 56 documents; 1/400th and l/400th do not. The Chatak page sets out what that costs when a unit has five spellings.
Bare terms are ANDed and OR is not read. A query joining two spellings with OR returns documents containing the literal word or, which is most of them, and looks like a much larger result than it is.
Every count on this page was run singly on 10 September 2026, and the filter was validated first: a nonsense term under doctypes:laws returns No matching results, and the same filter reduces the dhur's 7,394 documents to 9, so the filter both excludes and discriminates. That control exists because a state filter was found at unit 23 to fail open and silently return the whole database.
The three conversions a reader in Bihar or Jharkhand actually needs.
| Dhurs | Square feet | Katha | Decimal |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 68.0625 | 0.05 | 0.15625 |
| 2 | 136.125 | 0.1 | 0.3125 |
| 5 | 340.3125 | 0.25 | 0.78125 |
| 10 | 680.625 | 0.5 | 1.5625 |
| 20 | 1,361.25 | 1 | 3.125 |
| 50 | 3,403.125 | 2.5 | 7.8125 |
| 100 | 6,806.25 | 5 | 15.625 |
| 400 | 27,225 | 20 | 62.5 |
Every one of these terminates, and that is worth knowing on a page about a unit whose siblings mostly do not: a dhur is 1⁄640 of an acre, and 640 is 2⁷ × 5, which carries no factor a decimal cannot clear.
The decimal column is the one that matters in practice, because a Bihar or Jharkhand record of rights is kept in decimals, not dhurs, the Decimal page and the Dismil page set out why. Twenty dhurs is 3.125 decimals, and a decimal is 6.4 dhurs, which never lands on a whole number. A holding written in dhurs and a holding written in decimals will not agree at the last digit unless the dhur figure is a multiple of 32.
Converting a Tripura figure at the Bihar rate. The two dhurs differ by a factor of 18.90625. A kani of land recited as 4,800 dhurs, converted at 68.0625, comes to 7.5 acres instead of 0.397, nineteen times too much. The tell is the company the word keeps: kranti, kara, ganda and kani mean Tripura; katha and bigha mean Bihar.
Reading a Jharkhand dhur as a Patna dhur. The katha varies across the region and the dhur is one twentieth of whatever it is. A Jharkhand court has worked on 36 square feet. Before converting a figure out of a Jharkhand document, establish which katha the district uses. The Katha page has the table.
Treating 68.0625 as a quoted figure. It is a derivation from a bigha of 27,225 square feet, and nothing in the Indian legal record states it. It is almost certainly right for the Patna belt and for the UP pucca districts. It is not a citation, and a document that turns on it should be checked against the local katha rather than against a converter.
How many square feet is 1 dhur? On the Patna chain (most of Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand districts that count in the Patna katha) 68.0625, a square 8 feet 3 inches on a side. In Tripura, 3.6. The two are different units that share a name, and they stand in the ratio 18.90625 to one.
Is 68.0625 an official figure? No, and that is this page's main point. Searching Indian Kanoon's full text for the number returns nothing, no statute, no rule, no manual, no judgment. That is a literal-string search of one database rather than a proof of non-existence, and no source for the figure was located anywhere else in this research either. It is a derivation: a bigha of 27,225 square feet holds four hundred dhurs, and 27,225 ÷ 400 = 68.0625. The ratio of four hundred is on the record, from a 1924 Allahabad judgment. The area is not.
How many dhur in 1 katha? Twenty, on the Patna chain. No instrument says so. The nearest thing to evidence is a 1924 Allahabad judgment putting the dhur at one four-hundredth of a bigha, which gives twenty when the katha is one twentieth; and a 2017 Patna judgment whose kathas-and-dhurs subtraction closes exactly, which corroborates a base of at least seventeen without pinning it at twenty. The page sets out both and what each does and does not prove.
How many dhur in 1 bigha? Four hundred, where the bigha is the Patna or UP pucca bigha of 27,225 square feet. "One dhur is equal to 1/400th part of a bigha". Allahabad High Court, 12 May 1924. Where the local bigha is a different size, the count is still four hundred and the dhur is a different area.
How many dhur in an acre? 640 on the Bihar chain, exactly, and 12,100 in Tripura, also exactly. The reverse behaves differently: 1⁄640 terminates as a decimal, 1⁄12,100 does not.
Are dhur and biswansi the same thing? In the same ladder, yes, both sit twentieth of the second rung, four hundredth of the bigha, and where the bigha is 27,225 square feet both are 68.0625. Uttar Pradesh's own word is biswansi, but its courts use dhur too: one Allahabad judgment of 2012 writes one holding in dhurs and another in biswansi in the same order. Bihar's and Jharkhand's courts have never used biswansi at all.
Is a dhur the same everywhere in Bihar and Jharkhand? No, and the headline on this page says Patna chain rather than a state for that reason. The dhur is one twentieth of the local katha, and this series carries six definitions of the katha, from 720 square feet to 3,267, and each of them is tabulated and graded. A Jharkhand High Court judgment of 2022 records a first appellate court working on 36 square feet to the dhur, which is what the Bengal-chain katha of 720 square feet gives when divided by twenty.
Which is bigger, a dhur or a decimal? A decimal is bigger: 435.6 square feet against 68.0625, so 6.4 dhurs to the decimal. The two never meet on whole numbers unless the dhur figure is a multiple of 32. A record in decimals and a plaint in dhurs will differ at the last digit for that reason alone.
What is a dhurki? One twentieth of a dhur, 3.403125 square feet in Bihar, where Uttar Pradesh calls the same area a kachwansi. It is smaller than a whole Tripura dhur, by 5.46875%.
How do I convert a Tripura land figure? Through the kani. One kani is 17,280 square feet, or 48⁄121 of an acre, and holds 4,800 dhurs by way of 20 ganda, 4 kara, 3 kranti, 20 dhur. The Tripura High Court prints the whole chain in Sri Sunil Chanda (2019) and this page quotes it in full.
Is the dhur used in land records or only in documents? Records of rights in Bihar and Jharkhand are kept in decimals; the dhur survives in deeds, plaints, pleadings and the recitals of judgments. Three Indian statutory instruments use the word as a measure of land (the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act 1908, the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Rules 1959, and the Bihar Privileged Persons Homestead Tenancy Rules 1948), and two of the three print it as a blank in a form, with no size attached to it anywhere.
The evidence grade, stated first. The Patna-chain dhur is graded reported, not sourced in this series, and this page is why. A figure is graded sourced here only when a named instrument, judgment or manual states it. None states 68.0625. What exists is a stated ratio (1924), a stated bigha of 27,225 square feet with an instrument behind it, and the arithmetic between them. The Tripura dhur is graded sourced: a High Court prints it.
Documents.
l/400th for 1/400th.Counting. Every corpus figure on this page is a full-text document count from indiankanoon.org, run singly on 10 September 2026, with the queries printed beside them. The laws filter was validated before use: a nonsense term returns No matching results under it, and it cuts the dhur's corpus from 7,394 documents to 9. Counts of the bare word are not counts of the unit, because the word is also a surname and two Punjab place names, so the High Court comparisons are also given bound to a second word from the same ladder. A count of documents is not a count of transactions, and an English-language database under-covers Hindi-language lower-court records, so 1,203 is a floor on how often the Patna High Court's documents use this unit, not a measurement of how often Bihar does. One side of the central comparison has not been cleaned: the 579 biswansi documents are a bare single-spelling count with no contamination control run against them, so the thirty-one per cent is an upper bound on the Bihar word's share at Allahabad. The zero is unaffected by any of this.
Arithmetic. Two definitions carry this page: the foot at 0.3048 metre exactly, and the acre at 43,560 square feet. Everything else is a ratio of whole numbers turned into a decimal only when it is printed, so a figure that recurs is marked as recurring rather than quietly cut. A figure carrying an ellipsis is truncated at the cut, never rounded up into it. The conversion core below was re-derived by a second program that did not write it, and the tables round to six decimal places or to as many places as three significant digits need, whichever is more.
Computed here and stated in no source. The three-gaz square of 99 inches and the nine square gaz behind it; the 605⁄32 ratio between the two dhurs; the ten-to-one ratio between the two figures Indian courts have stated; the base bound the 2017 subtraction actually supports, tested across every base from 2 to 100; the 48⁄121 kani; the reversal of the Jharkhand court's conclusion at 68.0625 rather than 36; the closing of the 2017 Patna subtraction; the 5.46875% by which a dhurki falls short of a Tripura dhur; and the 6.4-dhurs-to-a-decimal mismatch. Each is arithmetic on figures the documents themselves print.
A correction recorded rather than quietly made. An earlier draft of this page said the 2017 Patna subtraction "closes only at twenty dhurs to the katha". It does not: the sum has no borrow in it, so it closes at every base from seventeen upward, eighty-four of the ninety-nine bases tested. What the judgment corroborates is a bound, not a value, and the section now says so. The same draft called the three-gaz square an explanation of why there are four hundred to the bigha; it is a description of the same figure rather than independent evidence for it, and that is now flagged where it appears.
Two conjectures, flagged where they appear and repeated here so they are not mistaken for findings. That the Jharkhand court's 36 square feet comes from the Bengal-chain katha of 720 divided by twenty, the numbers meet exactly and no document connects them. And that the Khatas in the 1948 form is a transcription of kathas. The form's own structure suggests it and the indexed text cannot show it.
Searched for and not found, and asserted nowhere. Any Indian instrument defining the dhur, in any state. Three use it as a measure, none defines it · any occurrence anywhere of the figure 68.0625 · any instrument stating twenty dhur to the katha in terms · any document connecting the Jharkhand 36 to the Bengal katha · any source for the Tripura table itself, which the judgments reproduce without naming one · whether the Bihar Privileged Persons Rules or the Chota Nagpur Rules have been amended since, both being read as indexed.
On the sibling pages. The Katha page owns the katha's regional variation and the ratio thesis it rests on; the Bigha page owns the bigha's values and the ilahi gaz's 1825–6 dating; the Gaj page owns the derivation of the 33-inch gaz from the Ain-i-Akbari; the Biswa page owns the biswa's evidential dispute; the Decimal page and the Dismil page own the unit Bihar's records are actually kept in; the Chatak page owns the spelling problem and the carry-behaviour method. All are cited here and none is restated.
| Conversion | 1 Dhur | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Acre | 0.0015625 | Exact; Exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd |
| Ankanam | 0.9453125 (Standard) | Region-specific; also 1.890625 (Tirupati) |
| Ares | 0.0632321316 | Exact; 100 m², the metric are |
| Bigha | 0.0025 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) | Region-specific; also 0.0075 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa)) · 0.01 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills) · 0.00390625 (Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai) |
| Biswa | 0.05 (UP / Rajasthan pucca) | Region-specific; also 0.078125 (Rajasthan kachha) · 0.15 (Punjab / Haryana old records) · 0.15625 (Himachal Pradesh) |
| Biswa Kacha | 0.15 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition) | Region-specific; also 0.078125 (Rajasthan kachha reading) |
| Cent | 0.15625 | Exact; One hundredth of an acre, exactly |
| Chatak | 1.5125 | Exact; 5 sq yd exactly; 16 to the cottah, 968 to the acre. Reported, not stated by any instrument located |
| Decimal | 0.15625 | Exact; One hundredth of an acre, exactly |
| Dismil | 0.15625 | Exact; The decimal under another name |
| Gaj | 7.5625 | Exact; The square yard, 9 sq ft |
| Gajam | 7.5625 | Exact; The square yard in Telugu, 9 sq ft |
| Ground | 0.028359375 | Exact; Tamil Nadu Urban Land Tax Act 1966, s.2(8-A): "an area comprising two hundred and twenty three square metres (two thousand and four hundred square feet)" |
| Guntha | 0.0625 | Exact; 121 sq yd; 40 guntha = 1 acre exactly |
| Hectare | 0.000632321316 | Exact; 10,000 m² exactly |
| Kanal | 0.0125 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.015125 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.016469 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.018673 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Katha | 0.05 (Bihar state standard) | Region-specific; also 0.09453125 (West Bengal / Jharkhand) · 0.0236328125 (Assam) · 0.0390625 (Bihar (Chhapra)) |
| Killa | 0.0015625 | Exact; The acre under its Punjabi name |
| Lessa | 0.47265625 | Exact; The 12-foot mauzadari jar squared (Assam Land Records Manual r.117); 20 to a katha, 100 to a bigha |
| Marla | 0.25 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 0.3025 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 0.329376 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 0.373457 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Murabba | 0.0000625 (Punjab canal colony) | Region-specific; also 0.0001 (Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal)) |
| Nali | 0.03151 | Recurring; 240 sq yd; 16 mutthi of 135 sq ft. No instrument located states the figure |
| Perch | 0.25 | Exact; 30.25 sq yd; 160 perches = 1 acre |
| Pura | 0.001181640625 | Exact; 4 Assam bigha of 14,400 sq ft. The 4:1 ratio is SOURCED -- the Supreme Court states it in 1961 and 1971 and the Gauhati High Court in 1986, 2023, 2024 and 2026 -- but no instrument, judgment or manual states the square-foot figure, which is derived from the Assam bigha |
| Square Centimeter | 63,232.1316 | Exact; One ten-thousandth of a square metre |
| Square Feet | 68.0625 | Exact; The base of this series |
| Square Inch | 9,801 | Exact; One 144th of a square foot |
| Square Karam | 2.25 (Standard (66-inch karam)) | Region-specific; also 2.7225 (Majha belt (60-inch karam)) · 2.964386 (Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam)) · 3.361111 (Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam)) |
| Square Kilometer | 0.00000632321316 | Exact; 1,000,000 m² |
| Square Meter | 6.32321316 | Exact; The SI unit of area |
| Square Mile | 0.00000244140625 | Exact; Standards of Weights and Measures Act 1976, Schedule (see s.79): "1 square mile = 2 589 988.110 336 square metres"; 640 acres exactly |
| Square Yard | 7.5625 | Exact; 9 sq ft exactly |
1 dhur = 0.0015625 acres, exact. An acre is exact by definition: 43,560 sq ft = 4,840 sq yd.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
Acre = Dhur × 0.0015625
| Dhur | Acre |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0015625 |
| 2 | 0.003125 |
| 3 | 0.0046875 |
| 5 | 0.0078125 |
| 10 | 0.015625 |
| 20 | 0.03125 |
| 50 | 0.078125 |
| 100 | 0.15625 |
| 200 | 0.3125 |
| 500 | 0.78125 |
| 1,000 | 1.5625 |
5 dhur × 0.0015625 = 0.0078125 acres
Dhur = Acre × 640
1 dhur = 0.0025 bigha on the UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca definition. The bigha has no single national value. It is also 0.0075 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa)) · 0.01 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills) · 0.00390625 (Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai) and 5 more per dhur. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
Bigha = Dhur × 0.0025 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca)
| Dhur | Bigha (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0025 |
| 2 | 0.005 |
| 3 | 0.0075 |
| 5 | 0.0125 |
| 10 | 0.025 |
| 20 | 0.05 |
| 50 | 0.125 |
| 100 | 0.25 |
| 200 | 0.5 |
| 500 | 1.25 |
| 1,000 | 2.5 |
| Bigha definition | Where it applies | 1 bigha in sq ft | Bigha per dhur | Terminates? | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca (the definition used here) | Purvanchal, Awadh, Patna belt, east Rajasthan | 27,225 | 0.0025 | Exact | sourced |
| UP kachha (6⅔ biswa) | West Uttar Pradesh | 9,075 | 0.0075 | Exact | sourced |
| UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills | West UP, Kumaon and Garhwal hills | 6,806.25 | 0.01 | Exact | sourced |
| Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai | Marwar, Gujarat, Terai | 17,424 | 0.00390625 | Exact | sourced |
| Madhya Pradesh | Madhya Pradesh | 12,000 | 0.005671875 | Exact | reported, not sourced |
| West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand | West Bengal, Assam, Ranchi | 14,400 | 0.0047265625 | Exact | sourced |
| Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt | Himachal Pradesh, Rohtak, Hisar | 8,712 | 0.0078125 | Exact | sourced |
| Punjab / west Haryana | Punjab, kanal belt of Haryana | 21,780 | 0.003125 | Exact | sourced |
| Haryana Ambala belt | Ambala, Gurugram, Faridabad, Karnal, Panipat | 8,100 | 0.008403 | Recurring | sourced |
Not every definition above rests on an instrument. 1 of the 9 are marked reported or no instrument located: in circulation and internally consistent, but this series could not find a rule, manual or judgment stating them. What was searched for each is recorded with that unit. Terminates? answers only whether the ratio has a finite decimal, not whether the figure behind it is verified.
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
5 dhur × 0.0025 = 0.0125 bigha
Dhur = Bigha × 400 (UP pucca / Bihar / Rajasthan pucca)
Dhur = Bigha ÷ 0.0075 (UP kachha (6⅔ biswa))
Dhur = Bigha × 100 (UP kachha (5 biswa) / Uttarakhand hills)
Dhur = Bigha × 256 (Rajasthan kachha / Gujarat vigha / Uttarakhand Terai)
Dhur = Bigha ÷ 0.005671875 (Madhya Pradesh)
Dhur = Bigha ÷ 0.0047265625 (West Bengal / Assam / Jharkhand)
Dhur = Bigha × 128 (Himachal Pradesh / Haryana Rohtak belt)
Dhur = Bigha × 320 (Punjab / west Haryana)
Dhur = Bigha × 14,400/121 (Haryana Ambala belt)
1 dhur = 0.05 biswa on the UP / Rajasthan pucca definition. The biswa has no single national value. It is also 0.078125 (Rajasthan kachha) · 0.15 (Punjab / Haryana old records) · 0.15625 (Himachal Pradesh) per dhur. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
The UP biswansi and the Bihar dhur are the same area, 68.0625 sq ft, because both are 1/400 of a 27,225 sq ft bigha. Two states arrived at one quantity and gave it two names.
Biswa = Dhur × 0.05 (UP / Rajasthan pucca)
| Dhur | Biswa (UP / Rajasthan pucca) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.05 |
| 2 | 0.1 |
| 3 | 0.15 |
| 5 | 0.25 |
| 10 | 0.5 |
| 20 | 1 |
| 50 | 2.5 |
| 100 | 5 |
| 200 | 10 |
| 500 | 25 |
| 1,000 | 50 |
| Biswa definition | Where it applies | 1 biswa in sq ft | Biswa per dhur | Terminates? | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UP / Rajasthan pucca (the definition used here) | Uttar Pradesh, east Rajasthan | 1,361.25 | 0.05 | Exact | sourced |
| Rajasthan kachha | Marwar | 871.2 | 0.078125 | Exact | no instrument located |
| Punjab / Haryana old records | Punjab, Haryana | 453.75 | 0.15 | Exact | sourced |
| Himachal Pradesh | Himachal Pradesh | 435.6 | 0.15625 | Exact | no instrument located |
Not every definition above rests on an instrument. 2 of the 4 are marked reported or no instrument located: in circulation and internally consistent, but this series could not find a rule, manual or judgment stating them. What was searched for each is recorded with that unit. Terminates? answers only whether the ratio has a finite decimal, not whether the figure behind it is verified.
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
5 dhur × 0.05 = 0.25 biswa
Dhur = Biswa × 20 (UP / Rajasthan pucca)
Dhur = Biswa × 12.8 (Rajasthan kachha)
Dhur = Biswa ÷ 0.15 (Punjab / Haryana old records)
Dhur = Biswa × 6.4 (Himachal Pradesh)
1 dhur = 0.15 biswa kacha on the Punjab / Haryana revenue definition. The biswa kacha has no single national value. It is also 0.078125 (Rajasthan kachha reading) per dhur. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
The ratio is the fraction 3/20, or 0.15 exactly.
Biswa Kacha = Dhur × 0.15 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition)
| Dhur | Biswa Kacha (Punjab / Haryana revenue) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.15 |
| 2 | 0.3 |
| 3 | 0.45 |
| 5 | 0.75 |
| 10 | 1.5 |
| 20 | 3 |
| 50 | 7.5 |
| 100 | 15 |
| 200 | 30 |
| 500 | 75 |
| 1,000 | 150 |
| Biswa Kacha definition | Where it applies | 1 biswa kacha in sq ft | Biswa Kacha per dhur | Terminates? | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Punjab / Haryana revenue definition (the definition used here) | Punjab, Haryana | 453.75 | 0.15 | Exact | sourced |
| Rajasthan kachha reading | Marwar | 871.2 | 0.078125 | Exact | no instrument located |
Not every definition above rests on an instrument. 1 of the 2 are marked reported or no instrument located: in circulation and internally consistent, but this series could not find a rule, manual or judgment stating them. What was searched for each is recorded with that unit. Terminates? answers only whether the ratio has a finite decimal, not whether the figure behind it is verified.
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
5 dhur × 0.15 = 0.75 biswa kacha
Dhur = Biswa Kacha ÷ 0.15 (Punjab / Haryana revenue definition)
Dhur = Biswa Kacha × 12.8 (Rajasthan kachha reading)
1 dhur = 1.5125 chatak, exact. A chatak is 5 sq yd exactly; 16 to the cottah, 968 to the acre. Reported, not stated by any instrument located.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
The ratio is the fraction 121/80, or 1.5125 exactly.
Chatak = Dhur × 1.5125
| Dhur | Chatak |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1.5125 |
| 2 | 3.025 |
| 3 | 4.5375 |
| 5 | 7.5625 |
| 10 | 15.125 |
| 20 | 30.25 |
| 50 | 75.625 |
| 100 | 151.25 |
| 200 | 302.5 |
| 500 | 756.25 |
| 1,000 | 1,512.5 |
5 dhur × 1.5125 = 7.5625 chatak
Dhur = Chatak ÷ 1.5125
1 dhur = 7.5625 gaj, exact. A gaj is the square yard, 9 sq ft.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
The ratio is the fraction 121/16, or 7.5625 exactly.
Gaj = Dhur × 7.5625
| Dhur | Gaj |
|---|---|
| 1 | 7.5625 |
| 2 | 15.125 |
| 3 | 22.6875 |
| 5 | 37.8125 |
| 10 | 75.625 |
| 20 | 151.25 |
| 50 | 378.125 |
| 100 | 756.25 |
| 200 | 1,512.5 |
| 500 | 3,781.25 |
| 1,000 | 7,562.5 |
5 dhur × 7.5625 = 37.8125 gaj
Dhur = Gaj ÷ 7.5625
1 dhur = 0.000632321316 hectares, exact. A hectare is 10,000 m² exactly.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
The ratio is the fraction 158,080,329/250,000,000,000, or 0.000632321316 exactly.
Hectare = Dhur × 0.000632321316
| Dhur | Hectare |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.000632321316 |
| 2 | 0.001264642632 |
| 3 | 0.001896963948 |
| 5 | 0.00316160658 |
| 10 | 0.00632321316 |
| 20 | 0.01264642632 |
| 50 | 0.0316160658 |
| 100 | 0.0632321316 |
| 200 | 0.1264642632 |
| 500 | 0.316160658 |
| 1,000 | 0.632321316 |
5 dhur × 0.000632321316 = 0.00316160658 hectares
Dhur = Hectare ÷ 0.000632321316
1 dhur = 0.05 katha on the Bihar state standard definition. The katha has no single national value. It is also 0.09453125 (West Bengal / Jharkhand) · 0.0236328125 (Assam) · 0.0390625 (Bihar (Chhapra)) and 2 more per dhur. Every definition this series has located is set out with the evidence behind it.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
Twenty dhur to the katha in Bihar, where a dhur is 68.0625 square feet, the same area as the Uttar Pradesh biswansi.
Where the katha fits into the dhur's own record is set out in Dhur to Square Feet, Katha and Decimal above; what follows is the arithmetic.
Katha = Dhur × 0.05 (Bihar state standard)
1,361.25 square feet either way, so the Dhur to Biswa figures apply unchanged. What differs between the two is the record each word belongs to, not the size.
| Katha definition | Where it applies | 1 katha in sq ft | Katha per dhur | Terminates? | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bihar state standard (the definition used here) | Patna, Arrah | 1,361.25 | 0.05 | Exact | sourced |
| West Bengal / Jharkhand | Rural West Bengal, Ranchi | 720 | 0.09453125 | Exact | sourced |
| Assam | Assam (except Barak Valley) | 2,880 | 0.0236328125 | Exact | sourced |
| Bihar (Chhapra) | Saran | 1,742.4 | 0.0390625 | Exact | sourced |
| Bihar (Hajipur) | Vaishali | 1,901.25 | 0.035799 | Recurring | sourced |
| Bihar (Bettiah) | West Champaran | 3,267 | 0.020833 | Recurring | sourced |
To convert against one of the other definitions, multiply by its factor.
5 dhur × 0.05 = 0.25 katha
Dhur = Katha × 20 (Bihar state standard)
Dhur = Katha ÷ 0.09453125 (West Bengal / Jharkhand)
Dhur = Katha ÷ 0.0236328125 (Assam)
Dhur = Katha × 25.6 (Bihar (Chhapra))
Dhur = Katha × 3,380/121 (Bihar (Hajipur))
Dhur = Katha × 48 (Bihar (Bettiah))
1 dhur = 0.47265625 lessa, exact. A lessa is the 12-foot mauzadari jar squared (Assam Land Records Manual r.117); 20 to a katha, 100 to a bigha.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
The ratio is the fraction 121/256, or 0.47265625 exactly.
Lessa = Dhur × 0.47265625
| Dhur | Lessa |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.47265625 |
| 2 | 0.9453125 |
| 3 | 1.41796875 |
| 5 | 2.36328125 |
| 10 | 4.7265625 |
| 20 | 9.453125 |
| 50 | 23.6328125 |
| 100 | 47.265625 |
| 200 | 94.53125 |
| 500 | 236.328125 |
| 1,000 | 472.65625 |
5 dhur × 0.47265625 = 2.36328125 lessa
Dhur = Lessa ÷ 0.47265625
1 dhur = 0.001181640625 pura, exact. A pura is 4 Assam bigha of 14,400 sq ft. The 4:1 ratio is SOURCED -- the Supreme Court states it in 1961 and 1971 and the Gauhati High Court in 1986, 2023, 2024 and 2026 -- but no instrument, judgment or manual states the square-foot figure, which is derived from the Assam bigha.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
The ratio is the fraction 121/102,400, or 0.001181640625 exactly.
Pura = Dhur × 0.001181640625
| Dhur | Pura |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.001181640625 |
| 2 | 0.00236328125 |
| 3 | 0.003544921875 |
| 5 | 0.005908203125 |
| 10 | 0.01181640625 |
| 20 | 0.0236328125 |
| 50 | 0.05908203125 |
| 100 | 0.1181640625 |
| 200 | 0.236328125 |
| 500 | 0.5908203125 |
| 1,000 | 1.181640625 |
5 dhur × 0.001181640625 = 0.005908203125 pura
Dhur = Pura ÷ 0.001181640625
1 dhur = 68.0625 square feet, exact. A square foot is the base of this series.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
68.0625 square feet on the Patna chain and 3.6 in Tripura, and a Jharkhand court has worked on 36. The first two are unrelated units that share a name, and no chain connects them.
Where the square foot fits into the dhur's own record is set out in Dhur to Square Feet, Katha and Decimal above; what follows is the arithmetic.
The ratio is the fraction 1,089/16, or 68.0625 exactly.
Square Feet = Dhur × 68.0625
| Dhur | Square Feet |
|---|---|
| 1 | 68.0625 |
| 2 | 136.125 |
| 3 | 204.1875 |
| 5 | 340.3125 |
| 10 | 680.625 |
| 20 | 1,361.25 |
| 50 | 3,403.125 |
| 100 | 6,806.25 |
| 200 | 13,612.5 |
| 500 | 34,031.25 |
| 1,000 | 68,062.5 |
5 dhur × 68.0625 = 340.3125 square feet
Dhur = Square Feet ÷ 68.0625
1 dhur = 6.32321316 square metres, exact. A square metre is the SI unit of area.
Computed on the Bihar / Jharkhand (Patna chain) dhur of 68.0625 square feet, which this series grades reported, not sourced: no instrument, judgment or manual located states that figure.
The ratio is the fraction 158,080,329/25,000,000, or 6.32321316 exactly.
Square Meter = Dhur × 6.32321316
| Dhur | Square Meter |
|---|---|
| 1 | 6.32321316 |
| 2 | 12.64642632 |
| 3 | 18.96963948 |
| 5 | 31.6160658 |
| 10 | 63.2321316 |
| 20 | 126.4642632 |
| 50 | 316.160658 |
| 100 | 632.321316 |
| 200 | 1,264.642632 |
| 500 | 3,161.60658 |
| 1,000 | 6,323.21316 |
5 dhur × 6.32321316 = 31.6160658 square metres
Dhur = Square Meter ÷ 6.32321316
Exactness of the method is not exactness of the result: where a ratio does not terminate, the table says so and the formula gives the fraction.
1 dhur = 0.9453125 ankanam on the Standard definition; 1.890625 on the Tirupati definition. Ankanam = Dhur × 0.9453125 (Standard) · reverse Dhur = Ankanam ÷ 0.9453125
| Dhur | Ankanam (Standard) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.9453125 |
| 2 | 1.890625 |
| 3 | 2.8359375 |
| 5 | 4.7265625 |
| 10 | 9.453125 |
| 20 | 18.90625 |
| 50 | 47.265625 |
| 100 | 94.53125 |
| 200 | 189.0625 |
| 500 | 472.65625 |
| 1,000 | 945.3125 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply dhur by the figure shown.
| Ankanam definition | Where | Ankanam per dhur |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (the definition used here) | Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, parts of Karnataka | 0.9453125 |
| Tirupati | Tirupati and parts of Chittoor | 1.890625 |
1 dhur = 0.0125 kanal on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.015125 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.016469 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.018673 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Kanal = Dhur × 0.0125 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Dhur = Kanal × 80
| Dhur | Kanal (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0125 |
| 2 | 0.025 |
| 3 | 0.0375 |
| 5 | 0.0625 |
| 10 | 0.125 |
| 20 | 0.25 |
| 50 | 0.625 |
| 100 | 1.25 |
| 200 | 2.5 |
| 500 | 6.25 |
| 1,000 | 12.5 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply dhur by the figure shown.
| Kanal definition | Where | Kanal per dhur |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) | Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K | 0.0125 |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran | 0.015125 |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal | 0.016469 |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Parts of Kapurthala | 0.018673 |
1 dhur = 0.25 marla on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 0.3025 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 0.329376 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 0.373457 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition · 0.3025 on the HSVP urban estate definition. Marla = Dhur × 0.25 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Dhur = Marla × 4
| Dhur | Marla (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.25 |
| 2 | 0.5 |
| 3 | 0.75 |
| 5 | 1.25 |
| 10 | 2.5 |
| 20 | 5 |
| 50 | 12.5 |
| 100 | 25 |
| 200 | 50 |
| 500 | 125 |
| 1,000 | 250 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply dhur by the figure shown.
| Marla definition | Where | Marla per dhur |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) | Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K | 0.25 |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran | 0.3025 |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal | 0.329376 |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Parts of Kapurthala | 0.373457 |
| HSVP urban estate | Haryana urban estates | 0.3025 |
1 dhur = 0.0000625 murabba on the Punjab canal colony definition; 0.0001 on the Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) definition. Murabba = Dhur × 0.0000625 (Punjab canal colony) · reverse Dhur = Murabba × 16,000
| Dhur | Murabba (Punjab canal colony) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0000625 |
| 2 | 0.000125 |
| 3 | 0.0001875 |
| 5 | 0.0003125 |
| 10 | 0.000625 |
| 20 | 0.00125 |
| 50 | 0.003125 |
| 100 | 0.00625 |
| 200 | 0.0125 |
| 500 | 0.03125 |
| 1,000 | 0.0625 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply dhur by the figure shown.
| Murabba definition | Where | Murabba per dhur |
|---|---|---|
| Punjab canal colony (the definition used here); reported, not sourced | Punjab, Haryana canal colonies | 0.0000625 |
| Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi Canal) | Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Jaisalmer | 0.0001 |
1 dhur = 2.25 square karam on the Standard (66-inch karam) definition; 2.7225 on the Majha belt (60-inch karam) definition · 2.964386 on the Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam) definition · 3.361111 on the Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam) definition. Square Karam = Dhur × 2.25 (Standard (66-inch karam)) · reverse Dhur = Square Karam ÷ 2.25
| Dhur | Square Karam (Standard (66-inch karam)) |
|---|---|
| 1 | 2.25 |
| 2 | 4.5 |
| 3 | 6.75 |
| 5 | 11.25 |
| 10 | 22.5 |
| 20 | 45 |
| 50 | 112.5 |
| 100 | 225 |
| 200 | 450 |
| 500 | 1,125 |
| 1,000 | 2,250 |
Every definition as a factor. Multiply dhur by the figure shown.
| Square Karam definition | Where | Square Karam per dhur |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (66-inch karam) (the definition used here) | Most of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, J&K | 2.25 |
| Majha belt (60-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Tarn Taran | 2.7225 |
| Doaba belt (57.5-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, and Kangra in Himachal | 2.964386 |
| Kapurthala belt (54-inch karam); reported, not sourced | Parts of Kapurthala | 3.361111 |
1 dhur = 0.0632321316 ares (exact). Ares = Dhur × 0.0632321316 · reverse Dhur = Ares ÷ 0.0632321316
| Dhur | Ares |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0632321316 |
| 2 | 0.1264642632 |
| 3 | 0.1896963948 |
| 5 | 0.316160658 |
| 10 | 0.632321316 |
| 20 | 1.264642632 |
| 50 | 3.16160658 |
| 100 | 6.32321316 |
| 200 | 12.64642632 |
| 500 | 31.6160658 |
| 1,000 | 63.2321316 |
1 dhur = 0.15625 cent (exact). Cent = Dhur × 0.15625 · reverse Dhur = Cent × 6.4
| Dhur | Cent |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.15625 |
| 2 | 0.3125 |
| 3 | 0.46875 |
| 5 | 0.78125 |
| 10 | 1.5625 |
| 20 | 3.125 |
| 50 | 7.8125 |
| 100 | 15.625 |
| 200 | 31.25 |
| 500 | 78.125 |
| 1,000 | 156.25 |
1 dhur = 0.028359375 ground (exact). Ground = Dhur × 0.028359375 · reverse Dhur = Ground ÷ 0.028359375
| Dhur | Ground |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.028359375 |
| 2 | 0.05671875 |
| 3 | 0.085078125 |
| 5 | 0.141796875 |
| 10 | 0.28359375 |
| 20 | 0.5671875 |
| 50 | 1.41796875 |
| 100 | 2.8359375 |
| 200 | 5.671875 |
| 500 | 14.1796875 |
| 1,000 | 28.359375 |
1 dhur = 0.0625 guntha (exact). Guntha = Dhur × 0.0625 · reverse Dhur = Guntha × 16
| Dhur | Guntha |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.0625 |
| 2 | 0.125 |
| 3 | 0.1875 |
| 5 | 0.3125 |
| 10 | 0.625 |
| 20 | 1.25 |
| 50 | 3.125 |
| 100 | 6.25 |
| 200 | 12.5 |
| 500 | 31.25 |
| 1,000 | 62.5 |
1 dhur = 0.03151 nali (recurring). Nali = Dhur × 121/3,840 · reverse Dhur = Nali × 3,840/121
| Dhur | Nali |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.03151 |
| 2 | 0.063021 |
| 3 | 0.09453125 |
| 5 | 0.157552 |
| 10 | 0.315104 |
| 20 | 0.630208 |
| 50 | 1.575521 |
| 100 | 3.151042 |
| 200 | 6.302083 |
| 500 | 15.755208 |
| 1,000 | 31.510417 |
1 dhur = 63,232.1316 square centimeter (exact). Square Centimeter = Dhur × 63,232.1316 · reverse Dhur = Square Centimeter ÷ 63,232.1316
| Dhur | Square Centimeter |
|---|---|
| 1 | 63,232.1316 |
| 2 | 126,464.2632 |
| 3 | 189,696.3948 |
| 5 | 316,160.658 |
| 10 | 632,321.316 |
| 20 | 1,264,642.632 |
| 50 | 3,161,606.58 |
| 100 | 6,323,213.16 |
| 200 | 12,646,426.32 |
| 500 | 31,616,065.8 |
| 1,000 | 63,232,131.6 |
1 dhur = 9,801 square inch (exact). Square Inch = Dhur × 9,801 · reverse Dhur = Square Inch ÷ 9,801
| Dhur | Square Inch |
|---|---|
| 1 | 9,801 |
| 2 | 19,602 |
| 3 | 29,403 |
| 5 | 49,005 |
| 10 | 98,010 |
| 20 | 196,020 |
| 50 | 490,050 |
| 100 | 980,100 |
| 200 | 1,960,200 |
| 500 | 4,900,500 |
| 1,000 | 9,801,000 |
1 dhur = 0.00000632321316 square kilometer (exact). Square Kilometer = Dhur × 0.00000632321316 · reverse Dhur = Square Kilometer ÷ 0.00000632321316
| Dhur | Square Kilometer |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000632321316 |
| 2 | 0.00001264642632 |
| 3 | 0.00001896963948 |
| 5 | 0.0000316160658 |
| 10 | 0.0000632321316 |
| 20 | 0.0001264642632 |
| 50 | 0.000316160658 |
| 100 | 0.000632321316 |
| 200 | 0.001264642632 |
| 500 | 0.00316160658 |
| 1,000 | 0.00632321316 |
1 dhur = 0.00000244140625 square mile (exact). Square Mile = Dhur × 0.00000244140625 · reverse Dhur = Square Mile × 409,600
| Dhur | Square Mile |
|---|---|
| 1 | 0.00000244140625 |
| 2 | 0.0000048828125 |
| 3 | 0.00000732421875 |
| 5 | 0.00001220703125 |
| 10 | 0.0000244140625 |
| 20 | 0.000048828125 |
| 50 | 0.0001220703125 |
| 100 | 0.000244140625 |
| 200 | 0.00048828125 |
| 500 | 0.001220703125 |
| 1,000 | 0.00244140625 |
Six of the thirty-two units are two names for one area with another, so their figures are identical to the last digit.
1 dhur = 0.15625 decimal. A decimal and a cent are the same area, 435.6 square feet, so any Dhur figure converts to the same number of either. Decimal = Dhur × 0.15625 · reverse Dhur = Decimal × 6.4
1 dhur = 0.15625 dismil. A dismil and a cent are the same area, 435.6 square feet, so any Dhur figure converts to the same number of either. Dismil = Dhur × 0.15625 · reverse Dhur = Dismil × 6.4
1 dhur = 7.5625 gajam. A gajam and a gaj are the same area, 9 square feet, so any Dhur figure converts to the same number of either. Gajam = Dhur × 7.5625 · reverse Dhur = Gajam ÷ 7.5625
1 dhur = 0.0015625 killa. A killa and an acre are the same area, 43,560 square feet, so any Dhur figure converts to the same number of either. Killa = Dhur × 0.0015625 · reverse Dhur = Killa × 640
1 dhur = 0.25 perches. A perch and a marla are the same area, 272.25 square feet, so any Dhur figure converts to the same number of either. Perch = Dhur × 0.25 · reverse Dhur = Perch × 4
1 dhur = 7.5625 square yards. A square yard and a gaj are the same area, 9 square feet, so any Dhur figure converts to the same number of either. Square Yard = Dhur × 7.5625 · reverse Dhur = Square Yard ÷ 7.5625
The tables above are arithmetic, and for a dhur the arithmetic is the easy half. What decides whether the figure you started with is the right one to convert at all is The Figure Nobody States.
AddressofChoice is a leading real estate platform that simplifies home buying with verified listings, expert guidance, and end-to-end support — from property search to final purchase.
Head Office : A-82, 2nd Floor, 
info@addressofchoice.com
+91 80653 41699© 2013-2026 Addressofchoice.com. All Rights Reserved
